Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 34, Issue 32, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204159
Keywords
bioelectronics; electronic tattoos; liquid-metal particles; solution processing; personalized healthcare
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2017M3A9E4047243, NRF-2022R1A2C2006076, NRF-2022M3E5E9017759, NRF-2020R1C1C1007589]
- KAIST UP Program
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2022M3E5E9017759, 2017M3A9E4047243] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Conventional electronic skins are limited in their ability to be customized, but a new type of e-tattoo can be directly applied to the skin and designed according to user preferences. By using carbon nanotubes attached to liquid metal particles, e-tattoos achieve electrical conductivity and mechanical durability. The properties of the liquid metal suspension allow for the precise assembly of particles on the skin. E-tattoos are low-cost, easy to prepare, compatible with the skin, and have multiple functions, making them highly suitable for biomedical engineering applications.
Conventional electronic (e-) skins are a class of thin-film electronics mainly fabricated in laboratories or factories, which is incapable of rapid and simple customization for personalized healthcare. Here a new class of e-tattoos is introduced that can be directly implemented on the skin by facile one-step coating with various designs at multi-scale depending on the purpose of the user without a substrate. An e-tattoo is realized by attaching Pt-decorated carbon nanotubes on gallium-based liquid-metal particles (CMP) to impose intrinsic electrical conductivity and mechanical durability. Tuning the CMP suspension to have low-zeta potential, excellent wettability, and high-vapor pressure enables conformal and intimate assembly of particles directly on the skin in 10 s. Low-cost, ease of preparation, on-skin compatibility, and multifunctionality of CMP make it highly suitable for e-tattoos. Demonstrations of electrical muscle stimulators, photothermal patches, motion artifact-free electrophysiological sensors, and electrochemical biosensors validate the simplicity, versatility, and reliability of the e-tattoo-based approach in biomedical engineering.
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