Integrated Self-Powered Sensors Based on 2D Material Devices

With the development of the Internet of Things, there is an increasing need for clean energy and large-scale sensory systems. Triboelectric/piezoelectric nanogenerators (TENGs/PENGs), have attracted considerable attention as a new type of power generation terminal, which can harvest surrounding energy and convert it into electrical energy. To improve the output performance of nanogenerators (NGs) and diversify related applications, 2D materials with high carrier mobility and excellent piezoelectric properties can be directly used or integrated as different types of self-powered sensors. In this review, the authors first introduce the excellent piezoelectric and optoelectronic properties of 2D materials, followed by the triboelectric series of 2D materials used in TENGs. The categories of integrated self-powered sensors based on 2D materials are then summarized according to their different structures and compositions. We also discuss in detail the recent applications of integrated self-powered sensors based on 2D materials from five aspects. Finally, the challenges and outlooks in the research field of self-powered sensors are featured. Given the continuous development of self-powered sensors based on 2D materials, they are considered to have significant potential for applications in biomedicine, environmental detection, human motion monitoring, energy harvesting, and smart wearable devices.

Automated summary

With the development of the Internet of Things, there is an increasing need for clean energy and large-scale sensory systems. Triboelectric/piezoelectric nanogenerators have attracted attention as a new type of power generation terminal. This review introduces the excellent properties of 2D materials and their applications in integrated self-powered sensors. The potential applications of self-powered sensors based on 2D materials include biomedicine, environmental detection, human motion monitoring, energy harvesting, and smart wearable devices.