Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
Volume 126, Issue 12, Pages 4469-4481Publisher
AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC
DOI: 10.1172/JCI88625
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Funding
- NIH [AI101935, AI124346, AR056296, CA163507]
- American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities
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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affect over 5 million individuals in the industrialized world, with an increasing incidence rate worldwide. IBD also predisposes affected individuals to development of colorectal cancer, which is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in adults. Mutations in genes encoding molecules in the IL-33 signaling pathway are associated with colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC), but how IL-33 modulates gut homeostasis is unclear. Here, we have shown that Il33-deficient mice are highly susceptible to colitis and CAC. Mechanistically, we observed that IL-33 promoted IgA production from B cells, which is important for maintaining microbial homeostasis in the intestine. Il33-deficient mice developed a dysbiotic microbiota that was characterized by increased levels of mucolytic and colitogenic bacteria. In response to chemically induced colitis, this microbial landscape promoted the release of IL-1 alpha, which acted as a critical driver of colitis and CAC. Consequently, reconstitution of symbiotic microbiota or IL-1 alpha ablation markedly ameliorated colitis susceptibility in Il33-deficient animals. Our results demonstrate that IL-33 promotes IgA production to maintain gut microbial homoeostasis and restrain IL-1 alpha-dependent colitis and CAC. This study therefore highlights modulation of IL-33, IgA, IL-1 alpha, and the microbiota as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of IBD and CAC.
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