Journal
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
Volume 137, Issue -, Pages 1418-1431Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.186
Keywords
Polymer OLED; Cost; Energy; Efficiency; Life-cycle; Greenhouse gas
Categories
Funding
- Jerome Goldstein Scholarship Fund for EcoEntrepreneuring
- Corning, Inc. graduate fellowship program
- U. S. Department of Education's Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) fellowship program [P200A120142]
- U. S. National Science Foundation [DMR-1309459]
- New Jersey Governor's School of Engineering and Technology Program
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1309459] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Proponents for sustainable alternative lighting and display options advocate for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly polymer-based organic light-emitting diodes (P-OLEDs), because of their potential for low-cost fabrication, more versatile device formats and lower power consumption compared to traditional options. Here, an economic, energy and CO2 emissions assessment is carried out for four different laboratory-scale, blue-emitting P-OLED device architectures: bottom-emitting conventional; bottom-emitting inverted; top-emitting conventional; and top-emitting inverted. Additionally, comparisons with a standard, commercial-scale, blue inorganic light-emitting diode (LED) device architecture are made. The various P-OLED device architectures are investigated due to their potential to increase operational lifetime (inverted) and light out-coupling efficiency (top-emitting). The following metrics are used in this assessment: device cost per area; yearly operating cost; optical power cost; CO2 emissions from device production; and yearly operating CO2 emissions. We show that the top-emitting inverted device architecture significantly reduces the device cost per area, yearly operating cost, optical power cost and CO2 emissions for the P-OLED devices, due to elimination of indium tin oxide and its comparatively high luminous efficacy and longer lifetime. In addition, the top-emitting inverted P-OLED device architecture performs competitively at the laboratory scale with commercial-scale inorganic LEDs for all metrics. However, if top-emitting P-OLEDs are to be manufactured on a large scale, the luminous efficacy assumed for laboratory-scale devices needs to remain constant throughout development to remain competitive. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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