COVID-19 and chronic fatigue syndrome: An endocrine perspective

Letter Virology

Long COVID and chronic COVID syndromes

Stephen Halpin et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Hashimoto's thyroiditis following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Rafael Silvestre Knack et al.

Summary: Infectious diseases have been linked to autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, with reports suggesting that infection with the new coronavirus may precede the onset of conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

BMJ CASE REPORTS (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections That Are Asymptomatic A Systematic Review

Daniel P. Oran et al.

Summary: Available data suggests that at least one third of SARS-CoV-2 infections are asymptomatic. Longitudinal studies indicate that nearly three quarters of individuals who test positive via PCR but show no symptoms at the time of testing will remain asymptomatic. Control strategies for COVID-19 need to be adjusted considering the prevalence and transmission risk of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Impact of COVID-19 Viral Infection on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

Ali S. Alzahrani et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the adrenocortical response to COVID-19 infection. The results revealed that patients with more severe disease had lower cortisol and ACTH levels, indicating a direct link between COVID-19 infection and impaired glucocorticoid response.

ENDOCRINE PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Incidence and risk factors: A Mediterranean cohort study

Oscar Moreno-Perez et al.

Summary: This study found that Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome was detected in about half of COVID-19 survivors, with mostly mild symptoms. Radiological and spirometric changes were observed in less than 25% of patients, and no baseline clinical features behaved as independent predictors of Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome development.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study (Publication with Expression of Concern. See vol. 401, pg. 90, 2023)

Chaolin Huang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term health consequences of discharged COVID-19 patients and associated risk factors, particularly disease severity. Patients with more severe illness during hospitalization showed more severe impaired pulmonary diffusion capacities and abnormal chest imaging manifestations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for long-term recovery.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

A prospective study of 12-week respiratory outcomes in COVID-19-related hospitalisations

Aditi S. Shah et al.

Summary: The long-term respiratory morbidity of COVID-19 remains unclear. A study found that a significant percentage of previously hospitalized patients had persisting abnormalities in clinical, radiological, and pulmonary function, highlighting the importance of developing treatment strategies and long-term respiratory follow-up.

THORAX (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

High-performance low field MRI enables visualization of persistent pulmonary damage after COVID-19

Rafael Heiss et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic, originating in Wuhan, China, continues to spread globally. Low-field MRI has shown potential in detecting and monitoring pulmonary involvement in COVID-19 pneumonia patients, serving as an alternative to CT scans without radiation exposure.

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Thyroid Function Abnormalities in COVID-19 Patients

Weibin Wang et al.

Summary: Thyroid function abnormalities are common in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe cases. This might be partially explained by nonthyroidal illness syndrome.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation during and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic

Negin Kazemian et al.

Summary: The relationship between gut microbiota and COVID-19 must be studied to improve the safety and efficacy of FMT treatment.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Normal Adrenal and Thyroid Function in Patients Who Survive COVID-19 Infection

Sophie A. Clarke et al.

Summary: The study found that adrenal and thyroid function in COVID-19 survivors remained intact at least 3 months after acute illness, and persistent fatigue symptoms were not attributed to changes in these functions.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

Ani Nalbandian et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causing global healthcare crises. Recovery from COVID-19 may lead to persistent symptoms and long-term complications, prompting the need for multidisciplinary care and follow-up for survivors.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Post-COVID-19 syndrome among symptomatic COVID-19 patients: A prospective cohort study in a tertiary care center of Bangladesh

Reaz Mahmud et al.

Summary: Female sex, respiratory distress, lethargy, and long disease duration are critical risk factors for the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome. A study conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital found that 46% of patients developed post-COVID-19 symptoms, with post-viral fatigue being the most prevalent.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: The Persistent Symptoms at the Post-viral Stage of the Disease. A Systematic Review of the Current Data

Francesca Salamanna et al.

Summary: A substantial proportion of COVID-19 patients experience long-term symptoms after recovery, including abnormal lung functions, neurologic complaints, olfactory dysfunctions, chronic fatigue, and pain. Despite the heterogeneity in studies, findings highlight the presence of a post-COVID syndrome in a noteworthy proportion of patients who have suffered from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Long COVID in Patients With Mild to Moderate Disease: Do Thyroid Function and Autoimmunity Play a Role?

David Tak Wai Lui et al.

Summary: The study revealed that 20.1% of COVID-19 survivors developed long COVID (LC), with females and those with higher viral loads in the acute phase being more vulnerable. Most abnormal thyroid function tests in acute COVID-19 resolved upon follow-up, but incident anti-TPO positivity was observed.

ENDOCRINE PRACTICE (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Climate Change and Obesity

Christian A. Koch et al.

Summary: The issues of global warming, obesity, and the COVID-19 pandemic are interconnected. Greenhouse gas emissions have exponentially increased since 1950, while obesity rates have been on the rise since the 1980s. The pandemic has led to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions due to mobility restrictions, but has also resulted in increased obesity and hunger in certain populations.

HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact

Hannah E. Davis et al.

Summary: Patients with Long COVID report prolonged, multisystem involvement and significant disability. By seven months, many patients have not yet recovered (mainly from systemic and neurological/cognitive symptoms), have not returned to previous levels of work, and continue to experience significant symptom burden.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

Persistent Poor Health after COVID-19 Is Not Associated with Respiratory Complications or Initial Disease Severity

Liam Townsend et al.

Summary: This study reveals that some patients still experience respiratory diseases and subjective symptoms after COVID-19 infection, with ongoing health issues and fatigue often accompanied by a higher perception of exertion. Initial disease severity does not have a strong correlation with persistent respiratory diseases.

ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY (2021)

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Review Respiratory System

Prevalence of potential respiratory symptoms in survivors of hospital admission after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kevin Cares-Marambio et al.

Summary: A systematic review found that the most prevalent respiratory symptoms in survivors of hospital admission by COVID-19 between 3 weeks and 3 months after discharge were fatigue, dyspnoea, chest pain, and cough, with prevalence rates of 52%, 37%, 16%, and 14% respectively.

CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The association between COVID-19 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

Mahmoud Nassar et al.

Summary: The prevalence of T1DM in COVID-19 patients ranges from 0.15% to 28.98%, with common presentations including fever, dry cough, nausea, vomiting, elevated blood glucose, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Variability exists in the outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with T1DM, indicating the need for further studies to reach a definitive conclusion.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Thyroid Function Before, During, and After COVID-19

Bernard Khoo et al.

Summary: Most patients with COVID-19 present with euthyroidism. Mild reductions in TSH and FT4 were observed in COVID-19 patients, consistent with a nonthyroidal illness syndrome. In survivors of COVID-19, thyroid function tests at follow-up returned to baseline.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management

Soo Lim et al.

Summary: Initial studies have shown that patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of severe COVID-19, potentially due to hyperglycaemia affecting immune and inflammatory responses. Further investigation is needed to determine the optimal management for patients with diabetes mellitus during the ongoing pandemic.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Neuroimaging

Evidence of widespread metabolite abnormalities in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment with whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Christina Mueller et al.

BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application

Stephen A. Lauer et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Otorhinolaryngology

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study

Jerome R. Lechien et al.

EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020

Kenji Mizumoto et al.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection A Narrative Review

Daniel P. Oran et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection

Maria Gavriatopoulou et al.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Otorhinolaryngology

Prevalence of Taste and Smell Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 2019

Giuseppe Mercante et al.

JAMA OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY (2020)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

SARS-COV-2 as a trigger for autoimmune disease: report of two cases of Graves' disease after COVID-19

M. Mateu-Salat et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance - United States, January 22-May 30, 2020

Erin K. Stokes et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19

Angelo Carfi et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Valentina O. Puntmann et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patient: A Case Report

Meir Frankel et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Case Report: Adrenal Pathology Findings in Severe COVID-19: An Autopsy Study

Monique Freire Santana et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE (2020)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Decreased T cell populations contribute to the increased severity of COVID-19

Rui Liu et al.

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA (2020)

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Letter Respiratory System

Patient-reported outcome measures after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study

Alyson W. Wong et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

A public health perspective of aging: do hyper-inflammatory syndromes such as COVID-19, SARS, ARDS, cytokine storm syndrome, and post-ICU syndrome accelerate short- and long-term inflammaging?

Arsun Bektas et al.

IMMUNITY & AGEING (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

NICE guideline on long covid

Manoj Sivan et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Immunology

The known unknowns of T cell immunity to COVID-19

Annika C. Karlsson et al.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Adrenal haemorrhage as a complication of COVID-19 infection

Noor Sharrack et al.

BMJ CASE REPORTS (2020)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and clinical implications

Rimesh Pal

ENDOCRINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors three months after recovery

Yu-miao Zhao et al.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Histopathological findings and viral tropism in UK patients with severe fatal COVID-19: a post-mortem study

Brian Hanley et al.

LANCET MICROBE (2020)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Quality of life reported by survivors after hospitalization for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)

Sarah Batawi et al.

HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE OUTCOMES (2019)

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Article Psychiatry

Depression as a Mediator of Chronic Fatigue and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Survivors

So Hee Lee et al.

PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence

Vineet D. Menachery et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression and disordered sleep in chronic post-SARS syndrome; a case-controlled study

Harvey Moldofsky et al.

BMC NEUROLOGY (2011)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

One-year outcomes and health care utilization in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome

Catherine M. Tansey et al.

ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2007)

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Article Pathology

Pathology of the thyroid in severe acute respiratory syndrome

Lan Wei et al.

HUMAN PATHOLOGY (2007)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Post-infective and chronic fatigue syndromes precipitated by viral and non-viral pathogens: prospective cohort study

Ian Hickie et al.

BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2006)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hypocortisolism in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

MKS Leow et al.

CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY (2005)

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Article Immunology

Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS

J Gu et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2005)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Molecular mimicry of ACTH in SARS - implications for corticosteroid treatment and prophylaxis

R Wheatland

MEDICAL HYPOTHESES (2004)

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Article Oncology

Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways

YQ Ding et al.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2004)

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COVID-19 and chronic fatigue syndrome: An endocrine perspective

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