Application of a Dual-Hybrid Direct Random Phase Approximation to Water Clusters

In water clusters, there is a delicate balance of van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds. Although semilocal and nonlocal density functional approximations have been recently routinely applied to water in various phases, the accurate description of hydrogen bonds remains a challenge. The most popular density functional approaches fail to predict the correct ordering of the energies of water clusters. To illustrate the required accuracy, the CCSD(T) complete basis set extrapolated dissociation energy difference between the two lowest energy hexamer structures is 0.06 kcal mol(-1) per monomer. In this work, we assessed interaction energies in neutral and ionic water clusters with various density functionals with or without van der Waals correction. Generally, van der Waals approximations play a significant role in clusters with increasing size, while hybrid functionals improve the description of hydrogen bonds. Despite these general trends, none of the tested density functional approximations with or without van der Waals correction and exact exchange mixing can lead to a uniform performance for neutral and ionic water clusters. The recently constructed dual-hybrid dRPA75 approximation is a successful combination of exact and semilocal exchange, and nonlocal correlation in its energy, while utilizing a high fraction of exact exchange. We have shown that the dRPA75 method has a systematic error, which can be efficiently compensated for by the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set for small and medium-sized water clusters.