Journal
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
Volume 93, Issue 10, Pages 1760-1765Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00112
Keywords
First-Year Undergraduate/General; Analytical Chemistry; Laboratory Instruction; Physical Chemistry; Hands-On Learning/Manipulatives; Computational Chemistry; Molecular Modeling; UV-Vis Spectrokopy
Funding
- CAPES
- PPGQ/UFRN
- CNPq/Capes project [070/2012, 305962/2014-0]
- FAPERN [PPP 005/2012]
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The binding constant and stoichiometry ratio for the formation of iron(II)-(1,10-phenanthroline) or iron(II)-o-phenanthroline complexes has been determined by a combination of a low-cost analytical method using a smartphone and a molecular modeling method as a laboratory experiment designed for analytical and physical chemistry courses. Intensity values were obtained from the digital images by measuring the RGB (red, green, blue) values (on a scale of 0-255 in intensity) of the samples between Fe(II) and o-phenanthroline using a digital camera from a smartphone. The R channel showed the best linearity for predicting the binding constant. For computational studies, iron(II) complexes using water molecules and 1,10-phenanthroline were used to evaluate the stability of the complex by varying the number of ligands. Complexes have been optimized by reaching a minimum amount of energy. It was possible to observe how stable the complexes are from the optimization calculations, including aspects about the achieved geometries. The approach provides a simple method for performing stability constants over a wide range of complexes, from the undergraduate chemistry laboratories, in the field, and in the research laboratory.
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