-Solanine Isolated From Solanum Tuberosum L. cv Jayoung Abrogates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses Via NF-B Inactivation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Endotoxin-Induced Shock Model in Mice

-Solanine, a trisaccharide glycoalkaloid, has been reported to possess anti-cancer effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of -solanine isolated from Jayoung a dark purple-fleshed potato by examining its in vitro inhibitory effects on inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and its in vivo effects on LPS-induced septic shock in a mouse model. -Solanine suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 both at protein and mRNA levels and consequently inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. -Solanine also reduced the production and mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced by LPS. Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies indicated that -solanine inhibited LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-B (NF-B) by reducing nuclear translocation of p65, degradation of inhibitory B (IB), and phosphorylation of IB kinase/ (IKK/). In an in vivo experiment of LPS-induced endotoxemia, treatment with -solanine suppressed mRNA expressions of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, TNF-, and IL-1, and the activation of NF-B in liver. Importantly, -solanine increased the survival rate of mice in LPS-induced endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis models. Taken together, our data suggest that the -solanine may be a promising therapeutic against inflammatory diseases by inhibiting the NF-B signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2327-2339, 2016. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.