Sustainable utilization of red mud waste (bauxite residue) and slag for the production of geopolymer composites: A review

The production of cement results in the emission of much carbon dioxide, which contributes to (sic)undesirable environmental impacts such as climate change and global warming. These (sic)phenomena (sic)have rekindled interest in utilizing a variety of industrial waste products to (sic)produce geopolymer (sic)(GP) composites and alkali-activated (AA) binders in order to reduce the (sic)usage of ordinary (sic)Portland cement in building construction. Waste red mud (RM), also known as bauxite residue, is one of these (sic)hazardous radioactive (sic)waste materials that is formed as a by-product of Bayer's aluminum (sic)manufacturing process. This (sic)paper conducts a systematic review of the literature on the use of (sic)RM and slag in the production (sic)of red mud-slag geopolymer (RM-SGP). An overview of the (sic)economic and environmental (sic)impacts, physical and chemical properties, production, (sic)distribution, classification, and potential applications (sic)of RM are presented. (sic)Besides, recent advancements in the usage of RM and slag for geopolymer (sic)production are (sic)described in terms of physical, mechanical, durability, and microstructure (sic) properties. Moreover, this (sic)study attempts to chart a route toward a realistic valorization that (sic)reflects both real and perceived (sic)concerns, such as radioactivity, leaching, and the life cycle (sic)assessment of red mud geopolymer (RM-GP). The potential (sic)use of RM-SGP production indicates the need for further studies into (sic)the mixture proportion (sic)and combination of these two raw ingredients with other cementitious materials (sic)leading to new (sic)energy-saving and affordable building products and processes. Also, it is (sic)recommended that (sic)research efforts be directed (sic)toward economic, life cycle, and environmental (sic)assessments.

Automated summary

This paper provides a systematic review of the use of waste red mud and slag for the production of red mud-slag geopolymer. It discusses the economic and environmental impacts, physical and chemical properties, and potential applications of red mud. The study also presents recent advancements in the usage of red mud and slag for geopolymer production.