Sustainable Bio-Based Superabsorbent Polymer: Poly(itaconic acid) with Superior Swelling Properties

In this study, an environmentally friendly superabsorbent hydrogel, produced from the cross-linked poly(itaconic acid) (PIA) superabsorbent polymer (c-PIAS) based on itaconic acid (IA), was prepared using the radical polymerization method with potassium persulfate as an initiator and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as a cross-linking agent. IA, which is water-soluble and has excellent biocompatibility, was selected as the monomer because it has attracted considerable attention as a substitute for petroleum-based polymers. The chemical structure and rheological properties were investigated based on the degree of cross-linking. The bio-based c-PIAS showed the highest water absorption capacity of 370.7 g/g and an exceptional reswelling capacity of 1713.8 g/g. These absorption properties were analyzed by applying them to swelling kinetics (i.e., pseudo-second-order kinetics and Fickian diffusion), which revealed an excellent relationship. In addition, c-PIAS demonstrated excellent low-temperature maintenance capability, indicating promising applicability for producing commercial ice pack. Therefore, the bio-based c-PIAS has the application potential for sustainable chemical industry including hygiene products and environmental packaging.

Automated summary

This study prepared an environmentally friendly superabsorbent hydrogel based on itaconic acid. The hydrogel demonstrated high water absorption and reswelling capacities. Analysis of the swelling kinetics showed a good relationship. Additionally, the hydrogel showed excellent low-temperature maintenance capability, making it promising for applications such as commercial ice packs.