Journal
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
Volume 4, Issue 5, Pages 3564-3574Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c00138
Keywords
epoxy resin; bio-based latent curing agent; curing behaviors; storage stability; flame retardancy; smoke suppression
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51803159, 51903193]
- China Scholarship Council [202008060076]
- Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) Manufacturing Technology Institute (MTI)
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Developing bio-based flame retardants has gained significant attention recently. In this study, a biomass-derived, flame-retardant, latent curing agent (IMPA) was synthesized and applied to single-component epoxy resin. The results showed that IMPA improved the shelf life and curing rate of the epoxy resin, while significantly enhancing its flame retardancy.
Developing bio-based flame retardants according to a green and simple strategy has drawn extensive attention recently. Hence, a biomass-derived, flame-retardant, latent curing agent (IMPA) was synthesized via the neutralization between imidazole and phytic acid in water at room temperature and was applied for single-component epoxy resin (EP). The results indicate that the shelf life of the resultant EP (EP/IMPA) increases from <1 day of the control single-component EP to 10 days at room temperature. Meanwhile, EP/IMPA features a fast curing rate at modest temperature (80-150 degrees C), and its gel time at 100 degrees C is only 14 min. Notably, EP/IMPA achieves superior flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index of 34.7% and UL-94 V-0 rating. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) of EP/IMPA are reduced by 43.0%, 31.9%, and 31.5% compared with the control sample. The enhanced fire safety is ascribed to the flame-retardant function of IMPA in both gaseous and condensed phases. Hence, this work provides a green and feasible method to create bio-based, flame-retardant, latent curing agents for one-component epoxy systems.
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