A Comparative View of Agri-Environmental Indicators and Stakeholders' Assessment of Their Quality

The degree to which economic goals have been prioritized over environmental and social objectives has caused dissatisfaction with conventional agricultural practices and stimulated the adoption of sustainable farming methods. One way to consider the multidimensionality of sustainable agriculture is to refer to indicators, more precisely, to agri-environmental indicators (AEIs). This study provides a comparative overview of the 28 AEIs of the European Union (EU) and those of the OECD and FAO, additionally revealing how these 28 indicators are reflected in the literature regarding agri-environmental indicators. Furthermore, since much of human behavior is influenced by perceptions, it was critical to reveal the stakeholders' assessment of the 28 AEIs based on four criteria (Availability, Relevance, Target-oriented, and Operational simplicity). The stakeholders' opinions of the 28 AEIs were assessed using the evaluation matrix. The highest overall evaluation considering the four criteria was received by Irrigation and Soil quality indicators. The study concludes that tripartite cooperation between stakeholders-farmers, agri-environmental researchers, and policymakers-is needed to successfully implement the AEIs of the EU.

Automated summary

This study compares agri-environmental indicators (AEIs) of the European Union (EU), OECD, and FAO and their representation in literature. It also evaluates stakeholders' opinions of the 28 AEIs based on four criteria and finds that Irrigation and Soil quality indicators receive the highest evaluation. The study concludes that tripartite cooperation between stakeholders-farmers, agri-environmental researchers, and policymakers-is necessary for successful implementation of EU's AEIs.