4.4 Article

Long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific and cross-reactive cellular immune responses correlate with humoral responses, disease severity, and symptomatology

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 induces a durable and antigen specific humoral immunity after asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 infection

Sebastian Havervall et al.

Summary: Current serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 generate inconsistent results and the longitudinal characteristics of antibodies targeting different antigens after asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 have not been established. This cohort study involving healthcare workers found that antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen remained detectable in 96% of participants at least four months after infection, even if they had no or mild symptoms. The study also confirmed virus neutralization capacity in 91% of participants at least four months after infection.

PLOS ONE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Robust humoral and cellular immune responses and low risk for reinfection at least 8 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19

Sebastian Havervall et al.

Summary: Emerging data suggests detectable immune responses can last for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, but the degree and duration of protection against reinfection remains uncertain. A study on healthcare workers and COVID-19 patients found that the majority of individuals tested positive for anti-spike IgG antibodies remained positive for at least 8 months, with a significantly reduced risk of reinfection up to 9 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

Article Infectious Diseases

Genomic evidence for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: a case study

Richard L. Tillett et al.

Summary: A man was infected with SARS-CoV-2 twice with genetically different virus variants, the second infection being more severe. The study suggests that previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 may not guarantee immunity, and all individuals should take precautions to avoid infection. This has implications for vaccine development and application.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Hematology

Circulating Markers of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are of Prognostic Value in Patients With COVID-19

Henry Ng et al.

Summary: Elevated levels of NET markers in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 were found to be associated with disease severity, respiratory support requirement, and short-term mortality. These markers declined to healthy individual levels four months post-infection. The study suggests a potential role of NETs in COVID-19 disease progression and as targets for novel therapeutic interventions.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection

Jennifer M. Dan et al.

Summary: Different components of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 exhibit distinct kinetics, with antibodies and spike-specific memory B cells remaining relatively stable over 6 months, while CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells declining with a half-life of 3 to 5 months after infection.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Immunology

COVID-19 immune signatures reveal stable antiviral T cell function despite declining humoral responses

Agnes Bonifacius et al.

Summary: Research showed that active COVID-19 patients had high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike IgG, but overall reduced antiviral T cell responses due to inflammatory environment, expression of inhibitory molecules, and effector caspase activity in T cells.

IMMUNITY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An evaluation of a FluoroSpot assay as a diagnostic tool to determine SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses

Sara M. Mangsbo et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of a SARS-CoV-2 IFN-gamma Release Assay (IGRA) using commercially available and in-house designed peptide pools, finding that the in-house generated peptide pool had higher specificity. Sensitivity was higher in a cohort of previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients using the commercially available peptide pools.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Article Immunology

CD8+ T cells specific for an immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitope cross-react with selective seasonal coronaviruses

Katie E. Lineburg et al.

Summary: Efforts are being made to understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on T cell immunity and cross-recognition with seasonal coronaviruses. Research has shown that the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces an immunodominant response and T cells demonstrate cross-reactivity towards certain coronaviruses through specific peptide conformations.

IMMUNITY (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Symptoms and Functional Impairment Assessed 8 Months After Mild COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers

Sebastian Havervall et al.

Summary: This study found that COVID-19-related symptoms can persist for 8 months among Swedish health care workers, and these symptoms have effects on their home, work, and social functions.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Antibody responses after a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2

Sebastian Havervall et al.

Summary: The study compared antibody levels in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 who received a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 naive participants who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, finding higher immune response in the former.

EBIOMEDICINE (2021)

Article Immunology

Systematic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay

Sophia Hober et al.

Summary: A high-throughput multiplex bead-based serological assay was developed and validated, using three selected antigens with high sensitivity and specificity. The best assay performance was achieved with a combination of two antigens, providing a sensitivity of 99.7% and a specificity of 100%.

CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Virology

Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike versus Nucleoprotein Antibody Responses Impact the Estimates of Infections in Population-Based Seroprevalence Studies

Craig Fenwick et al.

Summary: In this study, antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated in acute and postinfection subjects. The results show that responses against viral S and N proteins were equally sensitive in acute phase, but N responses decreased in postinfection phase while S responses persisted. The most sensitive assay used the native S protein trimer, suggesting its importance in estimating SARS-CoV-2 infections and assessing vaccine-induced responses.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation

Daniel Wrapp et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019

Guang Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Risk factors associated with disease progression in a cohort of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus

Yulong Zhou et al.

ANNALS OF PALLIATIVE MEDICINE (2020)

Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Introductions and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in France, 24 January to 23 March 2020

Fabiana Gambaro et al.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent

Alessio Mazzoni et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Robust T Cell Immunity in Convalescent Individuals with Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19

Takuya Sekine et al.

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in healthy donors and patients with COVID-19

Julian Braun et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans

Jose Mateus et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland

Daniel F. Gudbjartsson et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 exposure, symptoms and seroprevalence in healthcare workers in Sweden

Ann-Sofie Rudberg et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dynamic changes in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery from COVID-19

Kening Li et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months

Ania Wajnberg et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB): 2018 update

Randi Vita et al.

NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (2019)

Review Immunology

Regulation of Effector and Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation by IL-2-A Balancing Act

Vandana Kalia et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The two-faced T cell epitope Examining the host-microbe interface with JanusMatrix

Leonard Moise et al.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2013)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

High-resolution Mapping of Linear Antibody Epitopes Using Ultrahigh-density Peptide Microarrays

Soren Buus et al.

MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS (2012)

Article Immunology

Functional and genomic profiling of effector CD8 T cell subsets with distinct memory fates

Surojit Sarkar et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2008)

Review Immunology

T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design

Robert A. Seder et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2008)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Predicting population coverage of T-cell epitope-based diagnostics and vaccines

Huynh-Hoa Bui et al.

BMC BIOINFORMATICS (2006)

Review Immunology

Central memory and effector memory T cell subsets: Function, generation, and maintenance

F Sallusto et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY (2004)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Persistence and transmission of natural type I feline coronavirus infection

DD Addie et al.

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY (2003)