4.4 Article

Long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific and cross-reactive cellular immune responses correlate with humoral responses, disease severity, and symptomatology

Journal

IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages -

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.595

Keywords

B-cell; IFN gamma; IL-2; SARS-Cov-2; T cell

Categories

Funding

  1. Leif Lundblad Family Foundation
  2. Science for Life Laboratory
  3. Erling Persson Family Foundation
  4. Jonas & Kristina af Jochnick Foundation
  5. Hjart-Lungfonden [20190468]
  6. Vetenskapsradet [2018-02552, 2020-05782]
  7. Svenska Sallskapet for Medicinsk Forskning
  8. Region Stockholm
  9. Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse [2020-05880]
  10. Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation [20190468] Funding Source: Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
  11. Swedish Research Council [2020-05782, 2018-02552] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council

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This study investigates the correlation between symptomology and cellular immune responses post seroconversion to COVID-19. The findings demonstrate that the severity of the disease and specific COVID-19 symptoms are correlated with the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell responses. The study highlights the importance of cellular immune memory in understanding the immune response to COVID-19.
Background: Cellular immune memory responses post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been difficult to assess due to the risks of contaminating the immune response readout with memory responses stemming from previous exposure to endemic coronaviruses. The work herein presents a large-scale long-term follow-up study investigating the correlation between symptomology and cellular immune responses four to five months post seroconversion based on a unique severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific peptide pool that contains no overlapping peptides with endemic human coronaviruses. Methods: Peptide stimulated memory T cell responses were assessed with dual interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and interleukin (IL)-2 Fluorospot. Serological analyses were performed using a multiplex antigen bead array. Results: Our work demonstrates that long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell responses feature dual IFN gamma and IL-2 responses, whereas cross-reactive memory T cell responses primarily generate IFN gamma in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptide stimulation. T cell responses correlated to long-term humoral immune responses. Disease severity as well as specific COVID-19 symptoms correlated with the magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell response four to five months post seroconversion. Conclusion: Using a large cohort and a SARS-CoV-2-specific peptide pool we were able to substantiate that initial disease severity and symptoms correlate with the magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell responses.

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