Journal
BIOSENSORS-BASEL
Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/bios12050263
Keywords
electroanalysis; non-enzymatic sensors; nanomaterials; pesticides
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Science and Sport of the Republic of Slovenia [C3330-19-952034]
- Slovenian Research Agency [P2-0046, J1-2470]
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This review summarizes recent advances in the non-enzymatic electrochemical detection and quantification of pesticides, with a focus on the use of nanomaterial-based electrode modifiers and their analytical response. Carbon-based nanomaterials, metal, and metal oxide nanoparticles are commonly investigated for electrochemical analysis due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, large effective area, high conductivity, and (electro)chemical stability.
This review presents recent advances in the non-enzymatic electrochemical detection and quantification of pesticides, focusing on the use of nanomaterial-based electrode modifiers and their corresponding analytical response. The use of bare glassy carbon electrodes, carbon paste electrodes, screen-printed electrodes, and other electrodes in this research area is presented. The sensors were modified with single nanomaterials, a binary composite, or triple and multiple nanocomposites applied to the electrodes' surfaces using various application techniques. Regardless of the type of electrode used and the class of pesticides analysed, carbon-based nanomaterials, metal, and metal oxide nanoparticles are investigated mainly for electrochemical analysis because they have a high surface-to-volume ratio and, thus, a large effective area, high conductivity, and (electro)chemical stability. This work demonstrates the progress made in recent years in the non-enzymatic electrochemical analysis of pesticides. The need for simultaneous detection of multiple pesticides with high sensitivity, low limit of detection, high precision, and high accuracy remains a challenge in analytical chemistry.
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