Journal
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.859627
Keywords
lipidome; early life; metabolomics; extensively hydrolyzed infant formula; intestinal permeability; lipidomics
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Research Council [2016-05176]
- Academy of Finland [323171]
- Formas [2019-00869]
- Novo Nordisk Foundation [NNF20OC0063971]
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health [1DP3DK094338-01]
- Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research 2012-17 [250114]
- Medical Research Funds, Tampere University Hospital
- Medical Research Funds, Helsinki University Hospital
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [323171, 323171] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
- Formas [2019-00869] Funding Source: Formas
- Swedish Research Council [2016-05176] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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This study aims to investigate the impact of extensively hydrolyzed infant formula (HF) on the serum lipidome compared to conventional formula (RF) and explore the association between changes in circulatory lipids and gastrointestinal biomarkers. The results suggest that HF intervention alters the circulating lipidome, including lipids associated with progression to islet autoimmunity or overt T1D.
Background: Current evidence suggests that the composition of infant formula (IF) affects the gut microbiome, intestinal function, and immune responses during infancy. However, the impact of IF on circulating lipid profiles in infants is still poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate how extensively hydrolyzed IF impacts serum lipidome compared to conventional formula and (2) to associate changes in circulatory lipids with gastrointestinal biomarkers including intestinal permeability. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind controlled nutritional intervention study (n = 73), we applied mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to analyze serum lipids in infants who were fed extensively hydrolyzed formula (HF) or conventional, regular formula (RF). Serum samples were collected at 3, 9, and 12 months of age. Child's growth (weight and length) and intestinal functional markers, including lactulose mannitol (LM) ratio, fecal calprotectin, and fecal beta-defensin, were also measured at given time points. At 3 months of age, stool samples were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics. Results: Concentrations of sphingomyelins were higher in the HF group as compared to the RF group. Triacylglycerols (TGs) containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acyl chains were found in higher levels in the HF group at 3 months, but downregulated at 9 and 12 months of age. LM ratio was lower in the HF group at 9 months of age. In the RF group, the LM ratio was positively associated with ether-linked lipids. Such an association was, however, not observed in the HF group. Conclusion: Our study suggests that HF intervention changes the circulating lipidome, including those lipids previously found to be associated with progression to islet autoimmunity or overt T1D.
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