Journal
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 5, Issue 3, Pages 3595-3604Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c04097
Keywords
dopants; perovskite solar cells; hole transport materials; stability; spiro-OMeTAD
Funding
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [20720200075]
- Central guide local science and technology development funds [2021Szvup064]
- Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [2020A1515110068]
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Program [JCYJ20210324121803009]
- Guangdong International Cooperation Project [2019A050510002]
- Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China [2021J01040]
- Nanqiang Youth Talented Program of Xiamen University
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Chemical dopants are essential for the conductivity and efficiency of solar cells. However, their properties may negatively affect PSC stability. This study investigates the effects of different dopants and finds that the additive LiTFSI + tBP plays a key role in enhancing conductivity and efficiency, while the oxidant FK209 significantly improves device stability.
Chemical dopants are often required in organic hole transport materials (HTMs) to enhance the film conductivity and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells. Although additives (LiTFSI + tBP) and oxidants (FK209) are key dopants in HTMs, their hygroscopic and volatile nature induce severe morphology change, ion accumulation, as well as perovskite corrosion, which significantly hinder PSC stability. Various dopant structures and compositions have been developed, but challenges remain in fundamentally understanding their complementary effects and individual roles of additives and oxidants in PSCs. In this study, dopants with different configurations were investigated thoroughly toward optimizing the device efficiency and stability. The results show that the additives LiTFSI + tBP play more essential roles in enhancing the spiro-OMeTAD (Spiro) conductivity and device efficiency, even though the oxidant FK209 produces more Spiro' cations. Consequently, the cooperative effects of additives and oxidants enable the highest conductivity (2 x 10(-5) S cm(-1)) and a PCE of over 21% compared to their individual counterparts. The additives LiTFSI + tBP exhibit deleterious influences on film stability under different environmental conditions, whereas FK209-only devices significantly alleviate these negative effects on device stability, meanwhile achieving a satisfied conductivity (5 x 10(-6) S cm(-1)) and a high PCE of 19.6%. Besides, unencapsulated FK209 devices exhibit remarkable environmental and operational stability. Our work provides new insights into understanding dopants' roles in charge conduction and offers new doping approaches for organic semiconductors.
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