Hearing loss in fabry disease: A 16 year follow-up study of the Danish nationwide cohort

Background: Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting in systemic accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) causing multi-organ dysfunction. The audiologic involvement in FD has been neglected in previous studies; while not a lethal aspect of the disease, hearing loss can have a significantly negative impact on quality of life.Objective: To investigate hearing loss from baseline through 16 years follow-up of the Danish FD cohort and to compare audiometric data to other clinical variables.Methods: Data was collected prospectively and assessed retrospectively during a period of 16 years from 83 patients (age: 9-72 years; sex: 29 males and 54 females). 55 patients underwent treatment. Air conduction thresholds was assessed at six frequencies between 0.25 and 8 kHz bilaterally. Data was analyzed using multi linear models.Results: Mean follow-up period for patients undergoing a FD specific treatment was 7.8 years (0-12.8 years, SD 3.8 years, n = 55). Hearing thresholds for FD patients deviated from healthy individuals at all frequencies for both sexes (p < 0.001). Males had more profound hearing loss than females at high frequencies (4,8 kHz) (p = 0.025). There was no improvement in hearing with treatment (p = 0.343 & MALE;, p = 0.256 & FEMALE;). No associations between hearing loss and measured glomerular filtration rate, left ventricular wall thickness or cerebral white matter lesions were found. Lower plasma Gb3 concentration correlated with better hearing (p = 0.046) in males.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated significant hearing loss in FD patients compared to audiologically healthy individuals at all frequencies, and no change in hearing during treatment. Lower plasma Gb3 concentrations correlated with better hearing in males.

Automated summary

This study investigated hearing loss in Fabry disease (FD) patients and compared their audiometric data to other clinical variables. The results showed significant hearing loss in FD patients at all frequencies and no improvement in hearing with treatment. Male patients had more profound hearing loss than female patients at high frequencies (4,8 kHz). Lower plasma Gb3 concentrations correlated with better hearing in males.