Journal
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 30, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102966
Keywords
4D-actuation; 3D-printing; Ink; Gripper; Fastener
Categories
Funding
- Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers
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This study presents multifunctional 4D actuators processed by 3D-printing, with actuator functionality integrated into the shaped body. The materials are based on crosslinked poly(carbonate-urea-urethane) networks (PCUU) synthesized in an integrated process, showing reversible deformation when thermomechanically programmed.
The shape and the actuation capability of state of the art robotic devices typically relies on multimaterial systems from a combination of geometry determining materials and actuation components. Here, we present multifunctional 4D-actuators processable by 3D-printing, in which the actuator functionality is integrated into the shaped body. The materials are based on crosslinked poly(carbonate-urea-urethane) networks (PCUU), synthesized in an integrated process, applying reactive extrusion and subsequent water-based curing. Actuation capability could be added to the PCUU, prepared from aliphatic oligocarbonate diol, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and water, in a thermomechanical programming process. When programmed with a strain of epsilon(prog) = 1400% the PCUU networks exhibited actuation apparent by reversible elongation epsilon'(rev) of up to 22%. In a gripper a reversible bending epsilon'(rev)((be)(nd)()) in the range of 37-60% was achieved when the actuation temperature (T-high) was varied between 45 degrees C and 49 degrees C. The integration of actuation and shape formation could be impressively demonstrated in two PCUU-based reversible fastening systems, which were able to hold weights of up to 1.1 kg. In this way, the multifunctional materials are interesting candidate materials for robotic applications where a freedom in shape design and actuation is required as well as for sustainable fastening systems.
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