Journal
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
Volume 27, Issue 3, Pages 335-344Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/jce.12888
Keywords
atrial fibrillation; carbon ion beam; catheter-free ablation; particle therapy; pulmonary vein isolation; ventricular tachycardia
Categories
Funding
- Helmholtz Association's Portfolio Topic Technology and Medicine
- American Heart Association's Midwest Affiliate Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant
- Goldsmith Foundation
- Sanford Diller Foundation
- Mayo Foundation
- American Heart Association Foundation Award
- Biosense Webster
- Boston Scientific/EPT
- CardioInsight
- CardioFocus
- Endosense
- EpiEP
- EP Rewards
- Hansen Medical
- Medtronic CryoCath LP
- NIH
- St. Jude Medical
- Siemens
- Thermedical
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Noninvasive AF Ablation With Carbon Ions IntroductionCatheter ablation with isolation of the pulmonary veins is a common treatment option for atrial fibrillation but still has insufficient success rates and carries several interventional risks. These treatment planning studies assessed if high-dose single fraction treatment with scanned carbon ions (C-12) can be reliably delivered for AF ablation, while sparing risk structures and considering respiratory and contractile target motion. Methods and ResultsTime resolved CT scans of complete respiratory and cardiac cycles of 9 and 5 patients, respectively, were obtained. Ablation lesions and organs at risk for beam delivery were contoured. Single fraction intensity-modulated particle therapy with target doses of 25 and 40 Gy were studied and motion influences on these deliveries mitigated. Respiration had a large influence on lesion displacement ( 2 cm). End expiration could be exploited as a stable gating window. Smaller, but less predictable, heartbeat displacements (< 6 mm) remained to be mitigated because cardiac contraction resulted in insufficient dose coverage (V95 < 90 %) if uncompensated. Repeated irradiation (C-12 beam rescanning) during breath hold was used to accommodate contractile motion, resulting in good dose coverage. Dose depositions to all organs at risk were carefully examined and did not exceed values for X-ray cancer treatment. ConclusionTreatment planning of C-12 with delivery of physical ionizing radiation doses that have been described to induce complete block is feasible for AF ablation, considering human anatomy, dose constraints, and encasing underlying motion patterns from respiration and cardiac contraction at the LA-PV junction into treatment planning.
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