Transcriptomic Reprogramming, Alternative Splicing and RNA Methylation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Plants in Response to Potato Virus Y Infection

Plant-virus interactions are greatly influenced by environmental factors such as temperatures. In virus-infected plants, enhanced temperature is frequently associated with more severe symptoms and higher virus content. However, the mechanisms involved in controlling the temperature regulation of plant-virus interactions are poorly characterised. To elucidate these further, we analysed the responses of potato plants cv Chicago to infection by potato virus Y (PVY) at normal (22 degrees C) and elevated temperature (28 degrees C), the latter of which is known to significantly increase plant susceptibility to PVY. Using RNAseq analysis, we showed that single and combined PVY and heat-stress treatments caused dramatic changes in gene expression, affecting the transcription of both protein-coding and non-coding RNAs. Among the newly identified genes responsive to PVY infection, we found genes encoding enzymes involved in the catalysis of polyamine formation and poly ADP-ribosylation. We also identified a range of novel non-coding RNAs which were differentially produced in response to single or combined PVY and heat stress, that consisted of antisense RNAs and RNAs with miRNA binding sites. Finally, to gain more insights into the potential role of alternative splicing and epitranscriptomic RNA methylation during combined stress conditions, direct RNA nanopore sequencing was performed. Our findings offer insights for future studies of functional links between virus infections and transcriptome reprogramming, RNA methylation and alternative splicing.

Automated summary

The interaction between plants and viruses is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature. In this study, the researchers investigated the gene expression changes in potato plants infected with potato virus Y (PVY) under normal and elevated temperature conditions. They found that the combined PVY and heat stress treatments caused significant changes in gene expression, affecting both protein-coding and non-coding RNAs. The researchers also discovered new genes involved in polyamine formation and poly ADP-ribosylation, as well as novel non-coding RNAs with miRNA binding sites. The findings provide insights into the functional links between virus infections and transcriptome reprogramming, RNA methylation, and alternative splicing.