The Response to Inoculation with PGPR Plus Orange Peel Amendment on Soybean Is Cultivar and Environment Dependent

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) effects on plant yield are highly variable under field conditions due to competition with soil microbiota. Previous research determined that many Bacillus velezensis PGPR strains can use pectin as a sole carbon source and that seed inoculation with PGPR plus pectin-rich orange peel (OP) can enhance PGPR-mediated increases in plant growth. Because the previous studies used a single soybean cultivar, the objective of this research was to test the effect of PGPR plus OP inoculation on plant responses in a wide range of soybean cultivars. Preliminary screening with 20 soybean cultivars in the greenhouse showed that the PGPR plus OP produced a positive increase in all plant growth parameters when all cultivar data was averaged. However, when the inoculation response was examined cultivar by cultivar there was a range of cultivar response from a 60% increase in growth parameters to a 12% decrease, pointing to the presence of a cultivar-PGPR specificity. Further greenhouse and field experiments that studied cultivars with contrast responses to synbiotic inoculation revealed that the environment and/or the molecular interactions between the plant and microorganisms may play an important role in plant responsiveness.

Automated summary

The impact of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on plant yield is highly variable due to competition with soil microbiota. Previous studies have shown that Bacillus velezensis PGPR strains can utilize pectin as a sole carbon source and that seed inoculation with PGPR and pectin-rich orange peel (OP) can enhance plant growth. However, different soybean cultivars exhibit different responses to the PGPR and OP inoculation, suggesting a cultivar-specific interaction between the plants and microorganisms. Further experiments indicate that environmental factors and molecular interactions may play a significant role in plant responsiveness.