Biological synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using marine endophytic actinomycetes and evaluation of biofilm producing bacteria and A549 lung cancer cells

In this study, the copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized using marine entophytic actinomycetes as reducing and stabilizing agent through biological route. The actinomycetes mediated CuO NPs were physico-chemically characterized through X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD result suggested the actinomycetes mediated CuO purity and TEM analysis was examined the morphology (spherical), average size (-20 nm) of actinomycetes mediated CuO NPs. Further, at the concentration of 750 mg/mL, the CuO NPs exhibited excellent anti-bacterial properties, and shown 24 mm and 28 mm zones against biofilm producing E. coli and P. mirabilis. Further, the biofilm eradication efficiency was confirmed by 24-well polystyrene method with 24 h time duration and the result of 1000 mg/mL were shown 92% and 94% alteration against biofilm producing E. coli and P. mirabilis at 600 nm O.D using spectrophotometer. Further, the cytotoxicity assay of CuO NPs against A549 lung cancer cells result was shown more necrotic and irregular morphology of cancer cells. At 500 mg/mL concentration, 54% inhibition range against A549 cancer cells were observed, and it damaged completely due to the more intracellular formazan production. Altogether, the current result was suggested that the rich phytochemicals and bioactive compound producing actinomycetes were highly influenced the CuO NPs growth and enhanced the biological properties against tested biofilm bacteria and A549 lung cancer cells. Hence, we have concluded that the actinomycetes mediated CuO NPs has excellent biomedical applications against biofilm producing bacteria and cancer cells, and it were used future studies of various biomedical applications. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

This study synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using marine entophytic actinomycetes as reducing and stabilizing agents through a biological route. The nanoparticles showed excellent antibacterial properties against biofilm-producing bacteria and exhibited cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells. The findings suggest that actinomycetes-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles have promising biomedical applications.