New Perspectives on Glacial Geomorphology in Earth's Deep Time Record

The deep time (pre-Quaternary) glacial record is an important means to understand the growth, development, and recession of the global cryosphere on very long timescales (10(6)-10(8) Myr). Sedimentological description and interpretation of outcrops has traditionally played an important role. Whilst such data remain vital, new insights are now possible thanks to freely accessible aerial and satellite imagery, the widespread availability and affordability of Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles, and accessibility to 3D rendering software. In this paper, we showcase examples of glaciated landscapes from the Cryogenian, Ediacaran, Late Ordovician and Late Carboniferous where this approach is revolutionizing our understanding of deep time glaciation. Although some problems cannot be overcome (erosion or dissolution of the evidence), robust interpretations in terms of the evolving subglacial environment can be made. Citing examples from Australia (Cryogenian), China (Ediacaran), North and South Africa (Late Ordovician, Late Carboniferous), and Namibia (Late Carboniferous), we illustrate how the power of glacial geomorphology can be harnessed to interpret Earth's ancient glacial record.

Automated summary

Studying the deep time glacial record is crucial for understanding the long-term changes of the global cryosphere. While sedimentological description and interpretation have traditionally been important, new technologies such as aerial and satellite imagery, unmanned aerial vehicles, and 3D rendering software offer new opportunities for insights. This paper showcases examples from different time periods and regions where these approaches have revolutionized the understanding of ancient glaciations.