Journal
METABOLITES
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040307
Keywords
amplified drought; Mediterranean forest; metabolome; flavonoids
Categories
Funding
- French National Research Agency (ANR) through the SecPriMe2 project [ANR-12-BSV7-0016-01]
- European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)
- ADEME/PACA
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This experiment studied the metabolome changes in Quercus pubescens leaves exposed to amplified drought conditions, showing that 75% of metabolites were upregulated in springs while 60 to 73% were downregulated in summers/autumns, with some metabolites demonstrating antioxidant ability.
The intensification of summer drought expected with climate change can induce metabolism modifications in plants to face such constraints. In this experiment, we used both a targeted approach focused on flavonoids, as well as an untargeted approach, to study a broader fraction of the leaf metabolome of Quercus pubescens exposed to amplified drought. A forest site equipped with a rainfall exclusion device allowed reduction of natural rainfall by similar to 30% over the tree canopy. Leaves of natural drought (ND) and amplified drought (AD) plots were collected over three seasonal cycles (spring, summer, and autumn) in 2013 (the second year of rain exclusion), 2014, and 2015. As expected, Q. pubescens metabolome followed a seasonal course. In the summer of 2015, the leaf metabolome presented a shifted and early autumnal pattern because of harsher conditions during this year. Despite low metabolic modification at the global scale, our results demonstrated that 75% of Quercus metabolites were upregulated in springs when trees were exposed to AD, whereas 60 to 73% of metabolites (93% in summer 2015), such as kaempferols and quercetins, were downregulated in summers/autumns. Juglanin, a kaempferol pentoside, as well as rhododendrin derivatives, were upregulated throughout the year, suggesting an antioxidant ability of these metabolites. Those changes in terms of phenology and leaf chemistry could, in the end, affect the ecosystem functioning.
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