4.6 Article

Antibiotic Isoflavonoids, Anthraquinones, and Pterocarpanoids from Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.) Seeds against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Journal

METABOLITES
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040279

Keywords

Cajanus cajan; pigeon pea; antibiotics; multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus; mass spectrometry; metabolomics; flavonoids; anthraquinones; pterocarpanoids

Funding

  1. Department of Science and Technology Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (DOST PCHRD) [FP 200022]

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Cajanus cajan L. seeds from the Philippines, known locally as kadios, are a functional food with various health benefits. This study investigated the antibacterial properties of secondary metabolites from Philippine-grown C. cajan seeds against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The study identified several bioactive compounds from the seeds that showed potential antibacterial activity against S. aureus strains, including the multidrug-resistant strains.
Cajanus cajan L. (pigeon pea, locally known in the Philippines as kadios) seed is a functional food with health benefits that extend beyond their nutritional value. C. cajan seeds contain highly diverse secondary metabolites with enriched beneficial properties, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. However, the antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites from Philippine-grown C. cajan, against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have not been thoroughly described. Here, we investigated the in vitro antibacterial properties of C. cajan seed against multidrug-resistant S. aureus ATCC BAA-44 (MDRSA) and three other S. aureus strains (S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 6538, and coagulase-negative S. aureus) and, subsequently, identified the antibiotic markers against S. aureus strains using mass spectrometry. Secondary metabolites from C. cajan seeds were extracted using acetone, methanol, or 95% ethanol. Antibacterial screening revealed antibiotic activity for the C. cajan acetone extract. Bioassay-guided purification of the C. cajan acetone extract afforded three semi-pure high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions exhibiting 32-64 mu g/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MDRSA. Chemical profiling of these fractions using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) identified six compounds that are antibacterial against MDRSA. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), MS/MS, and dereplication using Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS)(TM), and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Library identified the metabolites as rhein, formononetin, laccaic acid D, crotafuran E, ayamenin A, and biochanin A. These isoflavonoids, anthraquinones, and pterocarpanoids from C. cajan seeds are potential bioactive compounds against S. aureus, including the multidrug-resistant strains.

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