Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α: A Pivotal Regulator of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha is a ligand-activated transcription factor distributed in various tissues and cells. It regulates lipid metabolism and plays vital roles in the pathology of the cardiovascular system. However, its roles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are relatively less known. In this review, after summarizing the expression profile of PPAR-alpha in the GIT, we analyzed its functions in the GIT, including physiological control of the lipid metabolism and pathologic mediation in the progress of inflammation. The mechanism of this regulation could be achieved via interactions with gut microbes and further impact the maintenance of body circadian rhythms and the secretion of nitric oxide. These are also targets of PPAR-alpha and are well-described in this review. In addition, we also highlighted the potential use of PPAR-alpha in treating GIT diseases and the inadequacy of clinical trials in this field.

Automated summary

This review summarizes the expression profile of PPAR-alpha in the GIT and analyzes its functions in lipid metabolism regulation and pathologic mediation in inflammation. The potential use of PPAR-alpha in treating GIT diseases and the inadequacy of clinical trials in this field are also highlighted.