Expression and functions of adenylyl cyclases in the CNS

Adenylyl cyclases (ADCYs), by generating second messenger cAMP, play important roles in various cellular processes. Their expression, regulation and functions in the CNS, however, remain largely unknown. In this review, we first introduce the classification and structure of ADCYs, followed by a discussion of the regulation of mammalian ADCYs (ADCY1-10). Next, the expression and function of each mammalian ADCY isoform are summarized in a region/cell-specific manner. Furthermore, the effects of GPCR-ADCY signaling on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity are reviewed. Last, current challenges and future directions are discussed. We aim to provide a succinct review on ADCYs to foster new research in the future.

Automated summary

This review provides an introduction to the classification and structure of ADCYs, and discusses the regulation of mammalian ADCYs. The expression and function of each mammalian ADCY isoform in a region/cell-specific manner are summarized. Furthermore, the effects of GPCR-ADCY signaling on blood-brain barrier integrity are reviewed, and current challenges and future directions are discussed.