Type 2 Diabetes and Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic Options

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Atherosclerosis: Lessons from Cardiovascular Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Basic Researches

Jing Xu et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors are effective oral drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They not only reduce blood glucose levels but also have positive effects on body weight, insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and blood pressure. Clinical studies have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors have cardiovascular benefits, potentially through mechanisms such as improving vascular endothelial cell function, suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation, and regulating autophagy.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

GLP-1 receptor agonists and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: Clinical evidence and best practice

Lola A. Coke et al.

Summary: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death and disability among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are recommended as add-on therapies to improve glycemic control and reduce cardiovascular complications in these patients.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiac mechanisms of the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure: Evidence for potential off-target effects

Jason R. B. Dyck et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have promising effects in treating heart failure patients. This review summarizes the cardiac effects of SGLT2i, including their impact on inflammation, oxidative stress, ion transport, and metabolism. These mechanisms play a crucial role in the development of heart failure.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Possible Gender Influence in the Mechanisms Underlying the Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response, and the Metabolic Alterations in Patients with Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes

Martha Lucinda Contreras-Zentella et al.

Summary: This article discusses the relationships among inflammatory events, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations in patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes, as well as the influence of gender on these processes.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

An Update on the Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes: A Global Perspective

Maria G. Tinajero et al.

ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Developed by the Task Force for cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice with representatives of the European Society of Cardiology and 12 medical societies With the special contribution of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)

Frank L. J. Visseren et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Does Empagliflozin Modulate Leukocyte-Endothelium Interactions, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes?

Francisco Canet et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated that empagliflozin treatment led to reductions in body weight, BMI, HbA1C levels, waist circumference, and glucose levels, as well as improvements in leukocyte-endothelium interactions, adhesion molecules, ROS production, and NFkB-p65 expression. These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of empagliflozin may contribute to its beneficial cardiovascular effects in patients with type 2 diabetes.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Rice Husk Silica Liquid Protects Pancreatic β Cells from Streptozotocin-Induced Oxidative Damage

Hsin-Yuan Chen et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated that RHSL induced autophagy and alleviated STZ-induced ROS-mediated apoptosis in RIN-m5F cells.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Air Pollution

Francesca Gorini et al.

Summary: The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes have been increasing in recent decades, with chronic hyperglycemia leading to increased oxidative stress and affecting various cellular pathways. Environmental factors, such as air pollutants, have been shown to have adverse effects on diabetes through multiple mechanisms.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Substance-P Inhibits Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction Caused by High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress

Do Young Kim et al.

Summary: The study showed that SP treatment can prevent the deterioration of CMECs under high glucose conditions by restoring cell viability, free radical balance, and paracrine potential. This suggests the potential use of SP as an antioxidant for treating diabetic complications.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology