Journal
ANTIOXIDANTS
Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040636
Keywords
circular economy; European sea bass; functional aquafeeds; natural antioxidants; vitamin E; carotenoids; polyphenols; antioxidant activity
Funding
- MobFood Consortium [POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024524]
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Incentive System to Research and Technological development, within the Portugal2020 Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program
- national funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology [UIDB/04423/2020, UIDP/04423/2020]
- FundacAo para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal
- National Funds from FCT [SFRH/BD/144631/2019]
- [UIDB/05748/2020]
- [UIDP/05748/2020]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [UIDP/05748/2020, SFRH/BD/144631/2019, UIDB/05748/2020] Funding Source: FCT
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This study compared the antioxidant effects of synthetic vitamin E and natural antioxidants in aquaculture on fish. The results showed that neither a high dose of synthetic vitamin E nor the addition of 2% natural antioxidants provided additional antioxidant protection, and had limited effects on fish growth and antioxidant capacity.
Synthetic vitamin E is commonly used in aquafeeds to prevent oxidative stress in fish and delay feed and flesh oxidation during storage, but consumers' preferences tend towards natural antioxidant sources. The potential of vegetable antioxidants-rich coproducts, dried tomato (TO), carrot (CA) and coriander (CO) was compared to that of synthetic vitamin E included in diets at either a regular (CTRL; 100 mg kg(-1)) or reinforced dose (VITE; 500 mg kg(-1)). Natural antioxidants were added at 2% to the CTRL. Mixes were then extruded and dried, generating five experimental diets that were fed to European sea bass juveniles (114 g) over 12 weeks. Vitamin E and carotenoid content of extruded diets showed signs of degradation. The experimental diets had very limited effects on fish growth or body composition, immunomodulatory response, muscle and liver antioxidant potential, organoleptic properties or consumer acceptance. Altogether, experimental findings suggest that neither a heightened inclusion dose of 500 mg kg(-1) of vitamin E, nor a 2% inclusion of natural antioxidants provided additional antioxidant protection, compared to fish fed diets including the regular dose of 100 mg kg(-1) of vitamin E.
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