Journal
BIOMOLECULES
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom12040490
Keywords
eicosanoids; inflammation; oxidative stress; pulmonary tuberculosis; sex-dependent
Categories
Funding
- National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT) [A3-S-35173]
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There is a significant sex bias in the severity, prevalence, and pathogenesis of tuberculosis, with men having higher rates. Inflammatory markers show differences between men and women, with men showing higher levels of IL6, IL8, and TNF alpha. RvD1 plays a vital role in resolving inflammation in women with tuberculosis.
There is a sex bias in tuberculosis's severity, prevalence, and pathogenesis, and the rates are higher in men. Immunological and physiological factors are fundamental contributors to the development of the disease, and sex-related factors could play an essential role in making women more resistant to severe forms of the disease. In this study, we evaluated sex-dependent differences in inflammatory markers. Serum samples were collected from 34 patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB (19 male and 15 female) and 27 healthy controls (18 male and 9 female). Cytokines IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IFN gamma, TNF alpha, and GM-CSF, and eicosanoids PGE2, LTB4, RvD1, and Mar1 were measured using commercially available immunoassays. The MDA, a product of lipidic peroxidation, was measured by detecting thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Differential inflammation patterns between men and women were observed. Men had higher levels of IL6, IL8, and TNF alpha than women. PGE2 and LTB4 levels were higher in patients than healthy controls, but there were no differences for RvD1 and Marl. Women had higher RvD1/PGE2 and RvD1/LTB4 ratios among patients. RvD1 plays a vital role in resolving the inflammatory process of TB in women. Men are the major contributors to the typical pro-inflammatory profile observed in the serum of tuberculosis patients.
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