Related references
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Anesthesiology
K. Arrow et al.
Summary: Nocebo refers to the non-pharmacological adverse effects of an intervention, which are induced or exacerbated by environmental factors, negative expectations, and negative conditioning. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms and physiological modulations of the nocebo effect is crucial. Outdated phrases, such as "bee sting" and "sharp scratch," should be avoided.
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Petra Zimmermann et al.
Summary: The debate over whether all children under 12 should be vaccinated against COVID-19 continues, with considerations including the relatively low risk of acute COVID-19 in children and the complexity of weighing the risks and benefits of vaccination. Other factors to consider include protection from long-term consequences, population-level impacts, vaccine supply, cost, and avoiding quarantine measures. Ongoing evaluation is needed due to the emergence of new variants of concern.
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Summary: On November 24, 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron-B.1.1.529, was announced. Compared to previous variants, Omicron has a higher number of mutations in the Spike (S) protein. Serum neutralization of Omicron by individuals vaccinated or previously infected with Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants is significantly reduced or ineffective. Third vaccine doses can boost neutralization titers against Omicron, and high titers are observed in both vaccinated individuals and those infected with the Delta variant. Most potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under development are unable to effectively neutralize Omicron due to mutations in its Spike protein. Omicron has structural changes compared to earlier viruses and utilizes mutations that enhance its binding to ACE2, allowing for immune escape. This results in a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site and a rebalancing of receptor affinity similar to earlier pandemic viruses.
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Lu Lu et al.
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Immunology
Ermias D. Belay et al.
Summary: From December 14, 2020, to April 30, 2021, 20 patients with MIS-A were reported to CDC. The median age was 35 years, with 65% being male. 80% had a preceding COVID-19-like illness before MIS-A onset. All patients had laboratory evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Obstetrics & Gynecology
Arun Meyyazhagan et al.
Summary: Pregnant women are less likely to contract COVID-19 but have an increased risk of severe illness if infected. Children are more susceptible to infection than older populations but generally experience less severe symptoms.
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Obstetrics & Gynecology
Winnie Fu et al.
Summary: Vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy and lactation is safe, immunogenic, and effective in preventing COVID-19 disease.
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Virology
Muthusami Rathinasamy et al.
Summary: As the SARS-CoV-2 virus evolves, different variants have emerged, with some showing increased transmissibility and potential impact on disease prevalence. The Omicron variant has been found to be most prevalent globally, particularly in countries like the UK, US, Denmark, France, and Australia. Studies suggest that increasing viral testing in these countries will help determine the distribution of variants and guide policy decisions. Limiting disease transmission through vaccination, booster doses, and mask-wearing remains the best strategy to prevent the emergence of new variants.
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Virology
Suresh Kumar et al.
Summary: The emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron, has raised concerns due to its potential high affinity for human ACE2, indicating a higher transmission potential. Compared to the Delta variant, Omicron has a significantly different amino acid composition and protein structure, which may affect its stability and ACE2 binding.
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Elisabetta Cameroni et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns due to its 37 amino acid substitutions in the spike protein, particularly in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), leading to increased binding affinity with human ACE2. Neutralizing activity against Omicron was greatly reduced in convalescent and vaccinated individuals compared to the ancestral virus, but this decrease was less significant after a third vaccine dose. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing conserved RBD epitopes may be crucial in combating the Omicron variant and future zoonotic transmissions.
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Clare Watson
Summary: COVID vaccine boosters are effective against Omicron, but continuous use of boosters may not be practical or sustainable.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandile Cele et al.
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Summary: This article highlights the dangers of overly optimistic assumptions on public health and urges policymakers to take immediate action in shaping the future.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lihong Liu et al.
Summary: The B.1.1.529/Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, initially detected in southern Africa, has rapidly spread globally and is expected to become dominant due to its enhanced transmissibility in the coming weeks. This variant poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies due to its significant antibody resistance. Even individuals who have received vaccines and booster doses may have reduced neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529.
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NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
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Nick Andrews et al.
Summary: This study examined the relative and absolute effectiveness of mRNA booster vaccination against COVID-19. The results showed that the booster dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 had a relative effectiveness ranging from 85% to 95% against symptomatic disease, and an absolute effectiveness ranging from 94% to 97%. For hospitalization or death, the absolute effectiveness of the BNT162b2 booster ranged from 97% to 99% in all age groups. The study provides real-world evidence of significantly increased protection from the booster vaccine dose against mild and severe disease.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hung Fu Tseng et al.
Summary: A test-negative case-control analysis using data from a diverse population in California, USA, demonstrates that vaccine efficacy of a three-dose regimen of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine is reduced against infection with the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant in comparison to Delta, but that efficacy against hospitalization remained high for both variants.
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Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Stephane Heymans et al.
Summary: The risk of acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is rare and usually resolves quickly, while the risks of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 are greater. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for adolescents and adults.
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Medicine, General & Internal
Shirley Collie et al.
Summary: Preliminary data from a test-negative study design in South Africa showed that two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine had an efficacy of 50 to 70% against hospitalization caused by the omicron variant in Gauteng province.
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E. B. Walter et al.
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Omar M. Albalawi et al.
Summary: This study examined the post-marketing safety profiles of three COVID-19 vaccines in the United States. The majority of reported adverse events were non-serious, and the number of serious adverse events was very low.
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Jacqui Wise
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Xiaoling Yu et al.
Summary: This study investigated recipients who were immunized with three doses of a COVID-19-inactivated vaccine, and found that the vaccine effectively generated potent neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
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Immunology
Priyal Mistry et al.
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic has led to the development of vaccines and investigation into the immune response to the virus. Variants of the virus have presented challenges to vaccine effectiveness. It is important to understand the immune memory response and continue to develop new antibody treatments and future vaccine approaches.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
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Oncology
Zehong Huang et al.
Summary: This study reviewed the safety and effectiveness of 12 most progressed COVID-19 vaccines and found that most vaccines have shown positive results in clinical trials or real-world studies. However, challenges remain in maximizing vaccine effectiveness, including rapid vaccine coverage, strategies for variant strains, and long-term safety monitoring.
FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE
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Cell Biology
Xiaoqi Yu et al.
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Immunology
Ihsanul Hafiz et al.
Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact worldwide since December 2019. Concerns arise as the virus mutates, potentially reducing the effectiveness of vaccines. The development and monitoring of vaccines have become crucial in overcoming these challenges.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yao Jiang et al.
Summary: Over the past 2 years, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread globally. The emergence of new variants with increased infectivity, virulence, and transmissibility poses a serious threat to global epidemic control. This article systematically reviews the main characteristics of emerging variants, including their distribution, mutations, transmissibility, severity, and susceptibility to immune responses. It also provides an overview of the current vaccines, including their efficacy and adverse events.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
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Medicine, General & Internal
Julia W. Haas et al.
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that significantly more adverse events (AEs) were reported in the vaccine groups compared with the placebo groups, but the rates of reported AEs in the placebo arms were still substantial. Public vaccination programs should take into account the high rates of AEs in placebo arms.
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Infectious Diseases
Deborah Cromer et al.
Summary: By analyzing data on in-vitro neutralization and clinical protection, the study found that neutralizing activity against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 is highly correlated with neutralization of variants of concern, and can still predict the vaccine's protection against these variants. Simulation results suggest that booster vaccination for previously infected individuals can provide higher levels of protection compared to primary vaccination. Although the protection may decrease within the first year after vaccination, the current vaccines can still offer robust protection in the medium term.
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Emergency Medicine
Brit Long et al.
Summary: This article provides a focused overview of the presentation and evaluation of COVID-19 for emergency clinicians. It discusses the characteristics of different variants, common symptoms, and extrapulmonary complications. The article also emphasizes the importance of appropriate testing and assessment methods.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
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Immunology
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula et al.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jingyou Yu et al.
Summary: Although immunity from two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine diminishes over time, a booster dose significantly enhances the neutralizing antibodies against both the BA.1 and BA.2 variants.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
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Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jason P. Block et al.
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Anna R. Yousaf et al.
Summary: This study investigated reports of individuals aged 12-20 years with MIS-C after COVID-19 vaccination. The findings suggest that MIS-C after COVID-19 vaccination is rare, but continued monitoring and reporting are warranted.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jie Hu et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.617 and B.1.1.7 using a pseudovirus-based assay and compared the neutralization abilities of different antibodies against these variants. The results showed that B.1.617 has enhanced viral entry and membrane fusion and is more resistant to antibody neutralization.
Article
Cell Biology
Venkata-Viswanadh Edara et al.
Summary: The study indicates that a two-dose vaccination may not provide sufficient neutralizing antibody responses against the omicron variant, with a significant reduction in neutralizing activity observed after six months. However, COVID-19-recovered individuals still retain some level of neutralizing antibody responses. A third dose (booster shot) is necessary to enhance the neutralizing activity against the omicron variant.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
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Pathology
Salsabil Islam et al.
Summary: The coronavirus naturally mutates over time, giving rise to new variants that are more contagious and destructive. Some variants are capable of evading treatment. The Delta variant is the most dangerous, with high transmissibility, disease severity, and mortality rate. The recently identified Omicron variant's transmissibility and resistance are still unclear. Supplying oxygen, medication, vaccines, and devices is a challenge for poor and developing countries during epidemic waves. Slowing down transmission, mass vaccination, vaccine redesign, re-compiling action plans, and adhering to safety guidelines can be effective solutions to the new challenges.
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2022)
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Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dan Wu et al.
Summary: In an outbreak from a hospital setting, completion of primary vaccination with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines reduces the risk of symptomatic COVID-19, COVID-19 pneumonia, and severe COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant. Partial vaccination is ineffective, and completion of two doses of the primary vaccination is necessary for protection from Delta.
Review
Microbiology
Ben Hu et al.
Summary: This review summarizes the research progress on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, including virology characteristics, pathogenesis, and recent advances in treatment methods. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origin of this emerging virus.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Arvind Nune et al.
Summary: A 44-year-old woman presented with adverse events including left upper arm pain, fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine. She developed a pulmonary embolism and acute kidney injury, but her symptoms resolved after treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone. This case highlights the first reported case of MIS-V following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration.
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Roy L. Soiza et al.
Summary: The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in older people are crucial for their success, but there is currently a lack of data. While some Phase III trials have made efforts to recruit older people, those with co-morbidities and frailty have still been largely excluded. Older people, their carers, and healthcare professionals will need to make decisions on vaccination acceptance based on limited evidence.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Fei Liu et al.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Merryn Voysey et al.
Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been shown to have an acceptable safety profile and effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, with higher efficacy observed in the group that received a low dose followed by a standard dose.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jerome H. Kim et al.
Summary: Following the announcement of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in clinical trials, a comprehensive strategy is needed for global vaccination, including manufacturing, support, supply coordination, equitable distribution, and logistics. Additionally, addressing scientific questions to improve vaccine efficacy is crucial for ending the pandemic effectively and efficiently.
Review
Virology
Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado et al.
Summary: Diagnostic tests are crucial for controlling COVID-19, with nucleic acid-based tests for initial virus detection and serological tests for disease progression assessment. Test performance varies based on factors like sample type and assay characteristics, with positivity linked to symptom onset. Point-of-care testing is a cost-effective trend, but analytical performance must be carefully evaluated.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Salim S. Abdool Karim et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Noam Barda et al.
Summary: A study using data from Israel's largest health-care organization showed that a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective in preventing individuals from severe COVID-19-related outcomes, compared to receiving only two doses at least 5 months ago. The effectiveness of the third dose in preventing hospital admission was 93%, severe disease 92%, and COVID-19-related death 81%.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ewen Callaway
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juan Li et al.
Summary: Since the emergence of COVID-19 in Wuhan in 2019, the world has faced a devastating pandemic with millions of cases and fatalities. This article provides insights into the spread and genetic variations of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, emphasizes the importance of genomic surveillance, and highlights the international transmission of major variants identified late in 2020.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Max Kozlov
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patrick Tang et al.
Summary: mRNA COVID-19 vaccines demonstrate high effectiveness in preventing severe outcomes and death caused by the Delta variant in Qatar, despite lower effectiveness at blocking infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Guy Witberg et al.
Summary: Among 2.5 million patients who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a large Israeli health care system, the incidence of myocarditis at 42 days was 2.13 cases per 100,000 persons, with the highest incidence (10.69 per 100,000 persons) among male patients between the ages of 16 and 29 years. Most cases of myocarditis were mild or moderate.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ronen Arbel et al.
Summary: Among 843,208 participants in Israel aged 50 years or older who had received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine at least 5 months earlier, those who received a booster had 90% lower mortality due to Covid-19 than those who did not receive a booster during the 54-day study period.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Denis Y. Logunov et al.
Summary: The Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine showed 91.6% efficacy against COVID-19 in the phase 3 trial, with good safety and tolerability in a large cohort of participants.
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Rachael H. Dodd et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yannic C. Bartsch et al.
Summary: The study reveals that the development of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is associated with elevated levels of pathogen-specific IgG antibodies, which is different from children infected with SARS-CoV-2 who do not develop MIS-C. Using systems serology, it was found that children have a functional immune response to SARS-CoV-2, while adults may have different immune responses leading to varying disease severity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas G. Davies et al.
Summary: A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged in England, with a higher reproduction number and potential for large resurgences of COVID-19 cases. Without stringent control measures, it is projected that COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in England for the first 6 months of 2021 will exceed those in 2020. The variant has spread globally and exhibited similar transmission increases in Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin R. McCarthy et al.
Summary: The translation above discusses zoonotic pandemics caused by animal viruses spilling over into highly susceptible human populations, specifically focusing on the evolution of coronaviruses in human hosts and the impact of recurrent deletions in the spike glycoprotein on antibody epitopes. These studies help understand the antigenic evolution and adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
Review
Immunology
Tiphanie P. Vogel et al.
Summary: This article presents a Brighton Collaboration Case Definition for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Adults (MIS-C/A) for evaluating adverse events following immunization. Developed by topic experts convened by CEPI, the case definition underwent extensive literature review and peer review before publication.
Review
Virology
Emmanuel Thomas et al.
Summary: This review discusses the rapid development of diagnostic approaches for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, the challenges faced in testing due to obtain testing reagents and supplies, the improvements in the testing supply chain, and the need for rapid assay development in the U.S. to address the pandemic.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sue Ann Costa Clemens et al.
Summary: A post-hoc analysis of a Phase 3 trial in Brazil showed that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has high efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 caused by the Zeta (P.2) and other variants, providing 95% protection against hospitalization.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Thomas Hale et al.
Summary: The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) records data on 19 different government COVID-19 policy indicators for over 190 countries. Covering closure and containment, health and economics measures, it creates an evidence base for effective responses.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katia J. Bruxvoort et al.
Summary: The study evaluated the effectiveness of mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the delta variant, by time since vaccination. Two doses of the vaccine showed high effectiveness against all variants, with a decline in effectiveness against delta variant over time. One dose of the vaccine also demonstrated moderate effectiveness against delta infection.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The emerging Brazilian variant P.1 shows increased resistance to antibody neutralization, posing a threat to current antibody therapies, but has less impact on the effectiveness of protective vaccines.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Devika Singh et al.
Summary: The genome evolution of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has played a crucial role in the development of COVID-19, with evidence of ancestral recombination events and natural selection. The spike protein of the virus shows significant signs of evolutionary processes, facilitating its spillover from other animals to humans. The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has increased mutational variability in its genome, potentially leading to future recombination events.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anne M. Hause et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lauren Jansen et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sule Goncu Ayhan et al.
Summary: The study found that pregnant women have a low acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccines, primarily due to concerns about vaccine safety. Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines among pregnant women are influenced by individual circumstances and vaccine safety. Understanding attitudes among priority groups can help optimize vaccination strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander T. Baker et al.
Summary: Vaccines using chimpanzee adenovirus, human adenovirus, and other types have played a crucial role in the pandemic but may induce rare side effects. Research shows these vaccines may bind with PF4, affecting the mechanism of HIT.
Review
Immunology
Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado et al.
Summary: Using RNA for vaccine development has emerged as a promising method, offering advantages such as cost-effectiveness and flexibility, particularly highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, challenges remain in improving stability, delivery, and inducing immune responses, making it a relevant research field for future vaccine development.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mohamad-Hani Temsah et al.
Summary: The study found that many parents are hesitant towards the COVID-19 vaccine mainly due to lack of confidence in its effectiveness, safety, and necessity for their children. Parents who rely on official healthcare authority websites for information are more likely to accept childhood COVID-19 vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Shilong Yang et al.
Summary: The results from Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials of the COVID-19 vaccine ZF2001 show that the vaccine is well tolerated and immunogenic, supporting the use of a 25 microgram dose in a three-dose schedule for large-scale evaluation in a Phase 3 trial.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Reshma Ramachandran et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erik Volz et al.
Summary: Genetic and testing data from England indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 has a transmission advantage over other lineages, showing a rapid expansion during autumn 2020. Analysis of S gene target failures (SGTF) in community-based diagnostic PCR testing suggests that B.1.1.7 is more transmissible than non-variant of concern lineages and has a significant transmission advantage, with a reproduction number 50% to 100% higher. Additionally, cases of B.1.1.7 appear to include a larger share of under 20-year-olds compared to non-variant cases.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Guo-Lin Wang et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
S. A. Madhi et al.
Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not provide significant protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 caused by the B.1.351 variant, with an efficacy of 10.4%. The incidence of serious adverse events was balanced between the vaccine and placebo groups.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Rheumatology
Aliye Bastug et al.
Summary: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a new syndrome associated with COVID-19, characterized by fever, gastrointestinal, and respiratory symptoms. Cardiovascular abnormalities are the most frequent clinical findings, and most patients can be successfully treated with steroids and IVIG, although there is currently no specific treatment guideline.
RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Edouard Mathieu et al.
Summary: An effective rollout of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial in ending the pandemic, and Our World in Data's vaccination dataset tracks the progress and scale of vaccine distribution globally, aiding policymakers and researchers in understanding the global vaccination efforts.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muge Cevik et al.
Summary: As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic progresses, new variants are emerging, with some highly transmissible variants like Delta raising concerns about vaccine effectiveness. Understanding the immunological correlates of protection and how laboratory findings relate to clinical effectiveness is crucial for shaping future vaccination strategies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chang Liu et al.
Summary: Recent study examined the neutralizing ability of monoclonal antibodies, convalescent and vaccine sera against the Indian variants B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2, showing that the neutralization of these variants is reduced compared to the ancestral strains, without widespread antibody escape as seen in other variants like B.1.351.
Article
Oncology
Gabriel Revon-Riviere et al.
Summary: The study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents and young adults with solid tumors, showing good tolerability and effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 infection in this population. Additional monitoring is needed to confirm these preliminary results and determine long-term vaccination effectiveness.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lianlian Bian et al.
Summary: The Delta variant has caused a new wave of COVID-19 epidemic, requiring a higher proportion of the population to be vaccinated to reduce disease burden. Existing vaccines have shown decreased protective efficacy against the Delta variant, with a decline in neutralizing antibody titers post-vaccination. Accelerating vaccine coverage and intervention measures like mask-wearing are effective ways to control the spread of the Delta variant.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Yamini Sarwal et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
(2021)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Yamini Sarwal et al.
Summary: Despite evidence on the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant women, most countries do not prioritize them for vaccination. There is a strong case for including pregnant women as a high-priority group for COVID-19 vaccination to prevent further impact on maternal and under-five mortality, especially in countries like India and Indonesia with high burdens in both categories.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Kimberly G. Blumenthal et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Carlos del Rio et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Angela Choi et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that vaccination with the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine produces neutralizing antibodies against various emerging variants, including variants of concern and interest. While neutralization of some variants may be reduced compared to the wild-type virus, the protective effect is still present, informing vaccination strategies against COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Philip R. Krause et al.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Emma C. Wall et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mine Durusu Tanriover et al.
Summary: The study presented the interim efficacy and safety results of the CoronaVac vaccine in a phase 3 clinical trial in Turkey, demonstrating high efficacy against PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 with good safety and tolerability profile. Results showed significant differences in the frequency of any adverse events between the vaccine and placebo groups, indicating excellent protective effects of the vaccine.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Yuxin Chen et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Bihua Han et al.
Summary: The study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the candidate COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac containing inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents aged 3-17 years. The research findings indicate that the 3.0 μg dose induced higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to the 1.5 μg dose, supporting the use of the 3.0 μg dose for further studies in this age group.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Xiaohui Zou et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heidi Ledford
Summary: As much of the world struggles to access COVID-19 vaccines, there is a debate on whether to vaccinate children. While the UK has recommended delaying vaccines for most young people under 16, countries like the US and Israel have started vaccinating children, with others hoping to follow suit. Nature examines the evidence on children and COVID-19 vaccines.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiam Chemaitelly et al.
Summary: A study showed that the mRNA-1273 vaccine is highly effective against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern, with efficacy rates of 100% and 96.4% respectively. The vaccine's effectiveness increases rapidly in the weeks following the first dose, reaching maximum efficacy after the second dose, providing strong protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Review
Microbiology
William T. Harvey et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Dan H. Barouch et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert W. Frenck et al.
Summary: The BNT162b2 vaccine showed favorable safety profile and a greater immune response in 12-to-15-year-old recipients compared to young adults, and demonstrated high effectiveness against Covid-19.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yinon M. Bar-On et al.
Summary: After receiving a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, Israeli residents aged 60 and above who had previously received two doses of the vaccine saw significantly lower rates of confirmed Covid-19 infection and severe illness compared to those who did not receive a booster shot, indicating the effectiveness of the booster dose in reducing infection and severe illness.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Daniella Campelo Batalha Cox Moore et al.
Summary: The survey in Brazil revealed a low vaccine hesitancy rate, with main concerns being vaccine efficacy, adverse reactions, and vaccine origin. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy included male gender, having children, lower education level, age over 40, lower income, and living in the Central-West region. Despite concerns about the origin of the CoronaVac vaccine, overall vaccine confidence was high in Brazil.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Mohammad S. Razai et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Otavio Ranzani et al.
Summary: The study evaluates the effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in the elderly population aged >= 70 years in Sao Paulo state, Brazil during widespread circulation of the gamma variant. The vaccine was found to significantly reduce the risk of symptomatic covid-19, hospital admissions, and deaths after completion of the two-dose regimen, but the effectiveness decreases with age among the elderly population.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chengchao Ding et al.
Summary: Research has found that certain key mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 may lead to the virus evading neutralization by convalescent plasmas and monoclonal antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Franz X. Heinz et al.
Summary: COVID-19 vaccines have been rapidly developed using different technologies, including mRNA, adenoviral vectors, and inactivated vaccines. They all rely on the viral spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to induce neutralizing antibodies, but the presentation of this key antigen to the immune system varies between different vaccine categories.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Aniello Maiese et al.
Summary: This systematic review analyzed the potential impacts of COVID-19 on the heart, revealing that SARS-CoV-2 can cause irreversible changes in the heart, increasing cardiac risks in surviving patients. Postmortem analysis is an essential tool to understand the pathological changes caused by COVID-19.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ahmad Kanaan Uwaydah et al.
Summary: The case describes a 22-year-old man who developed a multisystem inflammatory syndrome-like illness after receiving an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, suggesting a possible link between the vaccine and enhanced immune response following infection. Understanding the pathogenesis of this condition will have major implications for treatment and prevention.
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiantao Zhang et al.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jung Wan Park et al.
Summary: Increasing number of people vaccinated are experiencing adverse reactions, including a case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) after ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccination, characterized by low blood pressure, fever, edema, and systemic inflammation. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing MIS post COVID-19 vaccination.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Tiffany Charmet et al.
Summary: The study found that in real-life settings, two doses of mRNA vaccines were effective against COVID-19 with the original virus, B.1.1.7 lineage, and B.1.351/P.1 lineages.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Petra Mlcochova et al.
Summary: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has lower sensitivity to antibodies and higher replication efficiency compared to other lineages, which may contribute to its dominance and reduced vaccine effectiveness, highlighting the need for continued infection control measures post-vaccination.
Article
Immunology
John S. Tregoning et al.
Summary: The development and rollout of vaccines have brought hope for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, with vaccines proving highly effective in preventing disease. However, challenges remain in ensuring equitable access to vaccines globally, as well as lessons to be learned for controlling pandemics in the future.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Taufik Momin et al.
Summary: The Phase 1 trial of ZyCoV-D DNA vaccine conducted in India showed that the vaccine is safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic, warranting further investigation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amalio Telenti et al.
Summary: This article discusses the future patterns of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the development of variants, and the implications for vaccine deployment. It suggests that the virus may become endemic fueled by pockets of susceptible individuals and waning immunity. Effective surveillance and response are crucial to prevent new epidemic or pandemic patterns.
Review
Immunology
Lianpan Dai et al.
Summary: The urgent need for vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development of multiple vaccine candidates, with some showing positive results in late-stage clinical trials. This article discusses the viral elements used in these candidates, the reasons why they are good targets for the immune system, and their implications for protective immunity. Dai and Gao highlight the importance of selecting the right viral targets in vaccine development to ensure an effective immune response and the overall safety and efficacy of the vaccine.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Stuart P. Weisberg et al.
Summary: This study found distinct antibody responses in children and adults after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Adult COVID-19 cohorts showed a broader range of antibody responses, while children predominantly generated antibodies specific for the S protein and had reduced neutralizing activity compared to adults.
Article
Immunology
Xiao-Ning Li et al.
Summary: The two-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine showed an effectiveness of 59.0% to 70.2% against the Delta variant, with higher efficacy among participants aged 40-59 years and in females compared to males in preventing COVID-19 and moderate diseases.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Aiping Wu et al.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roujian Lu et al.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Ensheng Dong et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Na Zhu et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel Wrapp et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qihui Wang et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qiang Gao et al.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ewen Callaway
Review
Cell Biology
Maria Romano et al.
Article
Immunology
Young Chan Kim et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tyler N. Starr et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xianding Deng et al.
Article
Immunology
Sonia Pagliusi et al.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ewen Callaway
Review
Immunology
Zeinab Abdelrahman et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jill E. Weatherhead et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heidi Ledford
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shuhui Song et al.
GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS
(2020)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Li Jiang et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Biology
Yiska Weisblum et al.
Review
Microbiology
Jie Cui et al.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Norbert Pardi et al.
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siobain Duffy
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Stephane Heymans et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2016)
