4.7 Article

Intranasal Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Immunization with Lipid Adjuvants Provides Systemic and Mucosal Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike and Nucleocapsid Protein

Journal

VACCINES
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040504

Keywords

pandemic; COVID-19; immunity; vaccine; formula; antigen; adjuvants

Funding

  1. Linkoping University
  2. Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
  3. Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine
  4. Bayer AG
  5. Boehringer Ingelheim
  6. BristolMyers Squibb
  7. Genentech
  8. Genome Canada through Ontario Genomics Institute [OGI-196]
  9. EU/EFPIA/OICR/McGill/KTH/Diamond InnovativeMedicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking [EUbOPEN grant] [875510]
  10. Janssen
  11. Merck KGaA (aka EMD in Canada)
  12. Merck KGaA (aka EMD in US)
  13. Pfizer
  14. Takeda Stiftelsen for Strategisk Forskning [FFL15-0026]

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This study investigated the effectiveness of using a combination of specific antigens and adjuvants through intranasal administration in inducing immune responses. The results showed that this strategy was able to induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Additionally, lipid adjuvants were found to enhance the vaccine effect.
In this preclinical two-dose mucosal immunization study, using a combination of S1 spike and nucleocapsid proteins with cationic (N3)/or anionic (L3) lipids were investigated using an intranasal delivery route. The study showed that nasal administration of low amounts of antigens/adjuvants induced a primary and secondary immune response in systemic IgG, mIL-5, and IFN-gamma secreting T lymphocytes, as well as humoral IgA in nasal and intestinal mucosal compartments. It is believed that recipients will benefit from receiving a combination of viral antigens in promoting a border immune response against present and evolving contagious viruses. Lipid adjuvants demonstrated an enhanced response in the vaccine effect. This was seen in the significant immunogenicity effect when using the cationic lipid N3. Unlike L3, which showed a recognizable effect when administrated at a slightly higher concentration. Moreover, the findings of the study proved the efficiency of an intranasally mucosal immunization strategy, which can be less painful and more effective in enhancing the respiratory tract immunity against respiratory infectious diseases.

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