Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900447
Keywords
trachea; cartilage rings; symmetry break; SOX9; Turing pattern; chemotaxis; differential adhesion; differential growth
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This article reviews the molecular regulatory interactions and discusses possible patterning mechanisms of the trachea, aiming to understand the molecular mechanism of trachea formation. This research is of great significance for biomedical interventions and tissue engineering.
The trachea is a long tube that enables air passage between the larynx and the bronchi. C-shaped cartilage rings on the ventral side stabilise the structure. On its esophagus-facing dorsal side, deformable smooth muscle facilitates the passage of food in the esophagus. While the symmetry break along the dorsal-ventral axis is well understood, the molecular mechanism that results in the periodic Sox9 expression pattern that translates into the cartilage rings has remained elusive. Here, we review the molecular regulatory interactions that have been elucidated, and discuss possible patterning mechanisms. Understanding the principles of self-organisation is important, both to define biomedical interventions and to enable tissue engineering.
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