Journal
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue 70, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf9393
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Funding
- Sanquin PPO project - Dutch government
- NWO-Veni 2017 grant
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The ability of the adaptive immune system to form memory is crucial for protection against secondary infections. CD4(+) TRM play important roles in health and disease, including protection against SARS-CoV-2 and potential contributions to immunopathology associated with COVID-19.
The ability of the adaptive immune system to form memory is key to providing protection against secondary infections. Resident memory T cells (TRM) are specialized T cell populations that reside within tissue sites where they await reencounter with their cognate antigen. TRM are distinct from circulating memory cells, including central and effector memory T cells, both functionally and transcriptionally. Since the discovery of TRM, most research has focused on CD8(+) TRM, despite that CD4(+) TRM are also abundant in most tissues. In the past few years, more evidence has emerged that CD4(+) TRM can contribute both protective and pathogenic roles in disease. A complexity inherent to the CD4(+) TRM field is the ability of CD4(+) T cells to polarize into a multitude of distinct subsets and recognize not only viruses and intracellular bacteria but also extracellular bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In this review, we outline the key features of CD4(+) TRM in health and disease, including their contributions to protection against SARS-CoV-2 and potential contributions to immunopathology associated with COVID-19.
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