Journal
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue 69, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm0631
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [P01AI039671, P01AI056299, R01AI144166, P01AI073748, R01CA229400]
- Brigham and Women's Hospital President's Scholar Award
- Klarman Cell Observatory at the Broad Institute
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Klarman Incubator Funds at the Broad Institute
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Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in modulating the immune response by sensing environmental cues. This study identifies Bat3 as an endogenous regulator of DC function, showing that loss of Bat3 expression alters the T cell compartment, resulting in the attenuation of autoimmunity and acceleration of tumor growth.
Dendritic cells (DCs) sense environmental cues and adopt either an immune-stimulatory or regulatory phenotype, thereby fine-tuning immune responses. Identifying endogenous regulators that determine DC function can thus inform the development of therapeutic strategies for modulating the immune response in different disease contexts. Tim-3 plays an important role in regulating immune responses by inhibiting the activation status and the T cell priming ability of DC in the setting of cancer. Bat3 is an adaptor protein that binds to the tail of Tim-3; therefore, we studied its role in regulating the functional status of DCs. In murine models of autoimmunity (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) and cancer (MC38-OVA-implanted tumor), lack of Bat3 expression in DCs alters the T cell compartment-it decreases T(H)1, T(H)17 and cytotoxic effector cells, increases regulatory T cells, and exhausted CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, resulting in the attenuation of autoimmunity and acceleration of tumor growth. We found that Bat3 expression levels were differentially regulated by activating versus inhibitory stimuli in DCs, indicating a role for Bat3 in the functional calibration of DC phenotypes. Mechanistically, loss of Bat3 in DCs led to hyperactive unfolded protein response and redirected acetyl-coenzyme A to increase cell intrinsic steroidogenesis. The enhanced steroidogenesis in Bat3-deficient DC suppressed T cell response in a paracrine manner. Our findings identified Bat3 as an endogenous regulator of DC function, which has implications for DC-based immunotherapies.
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