Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katharina Roltgen et al.
Summary: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, different vaccines have been used globally. This study compares the antibodies generated by mRNA vaccines, infection, and other types of vaccines. It shows that mRNA vaccines result in a better antibody breadth against viral variants compared to infection. Infection leads to variant-specific antibodies, while mRNA vaccination imprints responses towards the original virus strain. mRNA vaccines also stimulate robust germinal centers in lymph nodes, enhancing the immune response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra C. Walls et al.
Summary: Breakthrough infections induce more potent and durable antibody responses compared to those in unvaccinated individuals, providing better protection against spike mutations in variants. Multiple exposures to SARS-CoV-2 antigen enhance the quality of antibody responses. Developing vaccines with broad sarbecovirus immunity is crucial for pandemic preparedness.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Summary: On November 24, 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron-B.1.1.529, was announced. Compared to previous variants, Omicron has a higher number of mutations in the Spike (S) protein. Serum neutralization of Omicron by individuals vaccinated or previously infected with Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants is significantly reduced or ineffective. Third vaccine doses can boost neutralization titers against Omicron, and high titers are observed in both vaccinated individuals and those infected with the Delta variant. Most potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under development are unable to effectively neutralize Omicron due to mutations in its Spike protein. Omicron has structural changes compared to earlier viruses and utilizes mutations that enhance its binding to ACE2, allowing for immune escape. This results in a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site and a rebalancing of receptor affinity similar to earlier pandemic viruses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is spreading rapidly and shows resistance to most therapeutic antibodies. It also evades neutralization by antibodies induced by infection or vaccination more efficiently than the Delta variant. This suggests that therapeutic antibodies may not be effective against the Omicron variant, and double vaccination with BNT162b2 may not provide adequate protection against severe disease caused by this variant.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wooseob Kim et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces a persistent germinal center reaction in humans, resulting in affinity-matured long-term antibody responses that potently neutralize the virus.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandile Cele et al.
Summary: The study found that the Omicron variant has reduced neutralizing effectiveness in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2, but those who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed better neutralization against Omicron.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yunlong Cao et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 contains 15 mutations in the receptor-binding domain, leading to evasion of over 85% of tested neutralizing antibodies. Different epitope groups of neutralizing antibodies are affected to varying degrees by single mutations of Omicron. Antibodies targeting the conserved region of sarbecovirus remain most effective against Omicron.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nick Andrews et al.
Summary: This study examined the relative and absolute effectiveness of mRNA booster vaccination against COVID-19. The results showed that the booster dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 had a relative effectiveness ranging from 85% to 95% against symptomatic disease, and an absolute effectiveness ranging from 94% to 97%. For hospitalization or death, the absolute effectiveness of the BNT162b2 booster ranged from 97% to 99% in all age groups. The study provides real-world evidence of significantly increased protection from the booster vaccine dose against mild and severe disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter B. Gilbert et al.
Summary: In the COVE phase 3 clinical trial, neutralizing and binding antibodies were measured in vaccine recipients to determine their correlation with COVID-19 risk and vaccine efficacy. The results showed that these immune markers were inversely associated with COVID-19 risk and directly associated with vaccine efficacy. Postvaccination neutralization titers of 10, 100, and 1000 correlated with estimated vaccine efficacies of 78%, 91%, and 96% respectively.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander Muik et al.
Summary: This study tested the neutralizing ability of sera from participants who received two or three doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine against different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The results showed that after two doses, the neutralizing ability against Omicron was significantly reduced, but a third dose effectively increased the neutralizing ability. This suggests that three doses of the vaccine may provide protection against Omicron-mediated COVID-19.
Article
Cell Biology
John P. Evans et al.
Summary: The declining efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the emergence of variants resistant to vaccine-induced immunity have sparked a debate on the need for booster vaccine doses. A study found that the Omicron variant spike protein can almost completely escape neutralizing antibodies produced by recipients of only two mRNA vaccine doses.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yifan Wang et al.
Summary: The authors use cryo-EM to study the conformational dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta spike and its interaction with the ACE2 receptor and the Mab 8D3 neutralizing antibody. The study provides insights into the mechanisms of receptor recognition and antibody neutralization for the Delta variant.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Wenwe Li et al.
Summary: This study elucidates the structural basis and mode of action for two potent SARS-CoV-2 spike-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. CV3-1 triggers shedding of the S1 subunit by binding to a loop structure in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), while CV3-25 inhibits membrane fusion by binding to an epitope in the stem helix region of the S2 subunit. Designing vaccine immunogens that incorporate conserved regions in the RBD and stem helix region could elicit pan-coronavirus protective immune responses.
Article
Cell Biology
Gabriele Cerutti et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, known for its high ability to evade neutralizing antibodies, has been found to have 34 mutations in the spike protein, with 15 of them occurring in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). A cryo-EM structure of the Omicron spike protein reveals that it is exclusively in the 1-RBD-up conformation, with high mobility of RBD. These mutations in the spike protein cause steric clashes and altered interactions at antibody-binding surfaces, as well as changes in local regions that interfere with antibody recognition.
Article
Immunology
Ryutaro Kotaki et al.
Summary: Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly Beta and Omicron, have the potential to evade neutralizing antibodies, even in those who have received two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. However, boosting with a third vaccine dose or breakthrough infection can improve the overall breadth of neutralizing antibodies. This study longitudinally profiles the cellular composition of RBD-binding memory B cell subsets and their antibody binding and neutralizing activity after the second dose of mRNA vaccine. It finds that two doses of mRNA vaccine induce an expanded antibody breadth over time, while a subset of resting memory B cells show the ability to produce Beta and Omicron-neutralizing antibodies.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rungtiwa Nutalai et al.
Summary: This study compares the neutralization of Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 and finds that differences in neutralization mostly arise from variations in residues bordering the ACE2 binding site. Analysis of monoclonal antibodies isolated from vaccinated individuals shows that they can effectively neutralize early pandemic strains and exhibit broad reactivity with variants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Frauke Muecksch et al.
Summary: Receiving three doses of an mRNA vaccine can provide protection against the Omicron variant and induce the production of more potent and broader antibodies. This is due to the expansion and evolution of memory B cell clones, particularly the newly emerging clones that target more conserved regions.
Article
Biology
Nicholas K. Hurlburt et al.
Summary: Structural and functional characterisation of antibody CV3-25 reveals its wide neutralisation spectrum against multiple SARS-CoV2 variants, including the Alpha, Delta, Gamma, and Omicron variants, as well as a SARS-CoV-like bat coronavirus. This study highlights the importance of CV3-25 as a potential therapeutic and vaccine candidate for broad protection against coronaviruses.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Wan Ni Chia et al.
Summary: The study investigated the dynamics of neutralising antibody response in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, finding great variations and suggesting that predicting immune longevity can only be accurately determined at the individual level. The findings emphasize the importance of public health and social measures in the ongoing pandemic outbreak response, and may have implications for the longevity of immunity after vaccination.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yair Goldberg et al.
Summary: The immunity against the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 waned in all age groups in Israel a few months after receiving the second dose of the vaccine, leading to an increase in infection and severe cases.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander Muik et al.
Summary: A new SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 has emerged in the UK, which is more transmissible and faster spreading than other strains. However, a study found that the BNT162b2 vaccine offers largely preserved protection against the B.1.1.7 lineage, despite some reduced neutralizing titers.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tingting Li et al.
Summary: The study identified two cross-neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, which can effectively neutralize various virus variants, providing potential options for public health interventions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maximilian M. Sauer et al.
Summary: The study identified a monoclonal antibody, B6, that can cross-react with eight beta-coronavirus spike proteins from three viral lineages, targeting a conserved cryptic epitope for potential broad coronavirus neutralization, marking a potential breakthrough in pan-beta-coronavirus vaccine design.
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Edouard Mathieu et al.
Summary: An effective rollout of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial in ending the pandemic, and Our World in Data's vaccination dataset tracks the progress and scale of vaccine distribution globally, aiding policymakers and researchers in understanding the global vaccination efforts.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jianying Liu et al.
Summary: Serum samples from individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize various SARS-CoV-2 variants, indicating mass immunization as a central strategy to end the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ugur Sahin et al.
Summary: The BNT162b2 vaccine shows 95% efficacy in preventing COVID-19 by boosting neutralizing antibody titres and activating specific T cell responses. The vaccine-induced immune response is broad and stable, lasting for a prolonged period, providing good coverage against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela Choi et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that both the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine and its variant-modified booster doses are safe and effective in improving neutralizing antibody titers against various virus variants.
Review
Microbiology
William T. Harvey et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chee-Wah Tan et al.
Summary: Survivors of SARS-CoV-1 infection who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine produced potent cross-clade pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies, capable of neutralizing various variants of concern and potential human-infecting coronaviruses, indicating the feasibility of a pan-sarbecovirus vaccine strategy.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Ann R. Falsey et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dora Pinto et al.
Summary: The study identified five monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent individuals that cross-react with multiple betacoronavirus spike glycoproteins, with one antibody (S2P6) showing broad neutralization of viruses from three different subgenera. This antibody reduced viral burden in hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting membrane fusion, providing a framework for the design of pan-betacoronavirus vaccines for broad protection.
Article
Cell Biology
Tyler N. Starr et al.
Summary: The study mapped mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain that escape binding by certain monoclonal antibodies. These mutations are concentrated in specific lineages of SARS-CoV-2. The authors suggest diversifying the epitopes targeted by antibodies and antibody cocktails to make them more resilient to SARS-CoV-2 antigenic evolution.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seiya Yamayoshi et al.
Summary: This longitudinal study on antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients found that IgG titers peaked around 20 days after onset, gradually decreased but maintained for several months. Most patients had neutralizing antibodies at 90 days post-onset, with severe cases having higher initial titers but faster decrease rate.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meng Yuan et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dora Pinto et al.
Article
Immunology
Lakshmanane Premkumar et al.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lihong Liu et al.
Article
Immunology
Yu Adachi et al.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2015)
Article
Immunology
Whitney E. Purtha et al.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2011)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marianne Berger Rentsch et al.
