Journal
AGRONOMY-BASEL
Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12061359
Keywords
maize; starch synthesis; starch synthesis enzymes SSIII; structure; function
Categories
Funding
- National innovation training program for college students [201910626001]
- Natural Science Foundation of China [31501322]
- Postdoctoral Special Fund of Sichuan Province [03130104]
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This article summarizes the main research on starch synthase III (SSIII), including its biochemical characteristics, structural features, expression atlas, and regulation means. The study found that SSIIIa is the main functional protein in maize endosperm and can affect the activity of other key enzymes in starch synthesis through protein-protein interactions.
Starch biosynthesis is a complex and highly controlled process that requires coordinated activities among multiple enzymes. Starch synthase III (SSIII) is the largest protein in the starch synthase complex and its function is to lengthen long-chain amylopectin in starch synthesis. It potentially affects the activity of other key enzymes in starch synthesis through protein-protein interactions; therefore, its function and regulation play a predominant role in starch synthesis. In this review, we summarized the main research of SSIII including its biochemical characteristics, structural features, expression atlas, and regulation means. Structural features and expressional analysis indicated that SSIIIa is the main functional protein in maize endosperm rather than SSIIIb-a and SSIIIb-b, even though they are similar in the tertiary structures. The regulation investigation of SSIIIa showed that there are 13 transcription factors that control the transcription of SSIIIa. Interaction network analysis showed that SSIIIa could be involved with ten other key enzymes in starch synthesis. In conclusion, this review considerably extends our understanding of SSIII and provides the theoretical basis for improving starch synthesis by SSIII in maize.
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