Olive Pomace and Soybean-Sunflower Acid Oils as Alternative Fat Sources in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Diets: Effects on Performance, Digestibility and Flesh Fatty Acid Composition and Quality Parameters

Simple Summary Acid oils, by-products of edible oil refining, are potentially interesting fat sources for farmed fish diets because of their high energy content and usually competitive price. Their use and revaluation may contribute to more efficient and sustainable fish production. They are characterised by presenting a similar fatty acid profile to their respective crude oils, but with a high content of free fatty acids. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of including soybean-sunflower and olive pomace acid oils in European seabass diets, as a preliminary step to determine whether they might be suitable energy sources for fish diets. The results showed that growth was only impaired in animals fed the diet containing olive pomace acid oil, which had the highest moisture, impurities and unsaponifiable matter. They also suggest that dietary free fatty acid content affects digestibility, but not the fatty acid profile of flesh and perivisceral fat. Notwithstanding, further studies assessing the effects of the inclusion of these oils are needed before recommending their use. The effects of dietary inclusion of soybean-sunflower and olive pomace acid oils on growth, digestibility and flesh composition were studied in European seabass. Eight diets were fed for 100 days (101.37 +/- 0.33 g initial weight, mean +/- SD), differing in the added fat source (25% fish oil, 75% experimental oil): S (crude soybean oil), SA (soybean-sunflower acid oil), O (crude olive pomace oil) or OA (olive pomace acid oil); 3 blends: S-O, S-OA, SA-OA at a 1:1 ratio; and a diet containing only fish oil (F) as a control. Animals fed OA showed the worst performance among dietary treatments, with the lowest weight, specific growth ratio, average daily gain and the highest feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01). In contrast, other diets including acid oils did not impair performance. Acid oil diets did not affect the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein or total fatty acids (p > 0.05), but a lower digestibility of lipids and saturated fatty acids was observed (p < 0.001). Flesh composition and fatty acid profile were not affected by the high dietary free FA content (p > 0.05). Hence the results suggest that the studied acid oils may potentially be used in fish diets although further studies are needed.

Automated summary

This study investigated the effects of soybean-sunflower and olive pomace acid oils on growth, digestibility, and flesh composition in European seabass. The results showed that diets containing olive pomace acid oil impaired growth, while other acid oil diets did not affect performance. Acid oils did not impact the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein or total fatty acids, but did lower the digestibility of lipids and saturated fatty acids. Further research is needed to determine the full potential of these acid oils in fish diets.