Journal
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL
Volume 45, Issue 5, Pages 733-748Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.05.002
Keywords
Bioenergetics; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Oxidative stress; Electron transport chain; Antioxidants
Funding
- Science and Engineering Research Board, a statutory body of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India [TAR/2020/000430, EEQ/2020/000188]
- National Institutes of Health, USA [R01AG042178, R01AG47812, R01NS105473, AG060767, AG069333, AG066347]
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Mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells, play a vital role in maintaining normal cell functioning and human health. Dysfunctional mitochondria can lead to various diseases, affecting organs with high energy demand. Drugs or compounds targeting mitochondria are considered effective and safe for treating these diseases.
Mitochondria are the organelles that generate energy for the cells and act as biosynthetic and bioenergetic factories, vital for normal cell functioning and human health. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is considered an important measure to assess the pathogenesis of various diseases. Dysfunctional mitochondria affect or cause several conditions involving the most energy-intensive organs, including the brain, muscles, heart, and liver. This dysfunction may be attributed to an alteration in mitochondrial enzymes, increased oxidative stress, impairment of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, or mutations in mitochondrial DNA that leads to the pathophysiology of various pathological conditions, including neurological and metabolic disorders. The drugs or compounds targeting mitochondria are considered more effective and safer for treating these diseases. In this review, we make an effort to concise the available literature on mitochondrial bioenergetics in various conditions and the therapeutic potential of various drugs/compounds targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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