Journal
PHARMACEUTICS
Volume 14, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050999
Keywords
ASD; pharmacogenetic intervention; pharmacotherapy; personalisation of treatment; antipsychotics; antidepressants; anxiolytics
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Funding
- Catalonian Government (Generalitat de Catalunya) [SLT006/17/00148]
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This study found that pharmacogenetic interventions can significantly improve clinical outcomes in autism spectrum disorder patients resistant to drug treatment, with a majority of patients showing improvement and requiring fewer visits to clinicians and hospital stays.
BACKGROUND: Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are severe neurodevelopmental alterations characterised by deficits in social communication and repetitive and restricted behaviours. About a third of patients receive pharmacological treatment for comorbid symptoms. However, 30-50% do not respond adequately and/or present severe and long-lasting side effects. METHODS: Genetic variants in CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and SLC6A4 were investigated in N = 42 ASD sufferers resistant to pharmacological treatment. Clinical recommendations based on their pharmacogenetic profiles were provided within 24-48 h of receiving a biological sample. RESULTS: A total of 39 participants (93%) improved after the pharmacogenetic intervention according to their CGI scores (difference in basal-final scores: 2.26, SD 1.55) and 37 participants (88%) according to their CGAS scores (average improvement of 20.29, SD 11.85). Twenty-three of them (55%) achieved symptom stability (CGI <= 3 and CGAS improvement >= 20 points), requiring less frequent visits to their clinicians and hospital stays. Furthermore, the clinical improvement was higher than that observed in a control group (N = 62) with no pharmacogenetic interventions, in which 66% responded to treatment (difference in CGI scores: -0.87, SD 9.4, p = 1 x 10(-5); difference in CGAS scores: 6.59, SD 7.76, p = 5 x 10(-8)). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of pharmacogenetic interventions has the potential to significantly improve the clinical outcomes in severe comorbid ASD populations with drug treatment resistance and poor prognosis.
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