Journal
CELLS
Volume 11, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells11081251
Keywords
oxysterols; 25-hydroxycholesterol; 7 alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol; immune cells; immune diseases; EBI2; LXR
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Funding
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Fluidos Complexos (INCT-FCx)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa (INCT-Regenera)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia de InvestigacAo em Imunologia (INCT/CNPqIII) [465.434/2014-2]
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Oxysterols have diverse effects on the immune system and play a significant role in immune-related diseases. They can influence the function and migration of immune cells as well as immune responses. The main oxysterol receptors LXR and EBI2 also have important roles in the immune system.
Oxysterols are the products of cholesterol oxidation. They have a wide range of effects on several cells, organs, and systems in the body. Oxysterols also have an influence on the physiology of the immune system, from immune cell maturation and migration to innate and humoral immune responses. In this regard, oxysterols have been involved in several diseases that have an immune component, from autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases to inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Here, we review data on the participation of oxysterols, mainly 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7 alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol, in the immune system and related diseases. The effects of these oxysterols and main oxysterol receptors, LXR and EBI2, in cells of the immune system (B cells, T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes), and in immune-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, intestinal diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and atherosclerosis, are discussed.
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