Journal
CELLS
Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells11101595
Keywords
thyroid hormones; corticosteroids; hormonal crosstalk; development; metamorphosis
Categories
Funding
- ERGO, a European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [825753]
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
- Intramural Research Program of NICHD, National Institutes of Health, USA
- [NSF IOS 2035732]
- H2020 Societal Challenges Programme [825753] Funding Source: H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
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Development in multicellular organisms relies on the integration of communication systems, particularly the neuroendocrine axes. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axes play central roles in coordinating body morphogenesis. Thyroid hormones and corticosteroids have critical functions in metamorphosis of anuran amphibians and are involved in the developmental transition seen in vertebrates.
In multicellular organisms, development is based in part on the integration of communication systems. Two neuroendocrine axes, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axes, are central players in orchestrating body morphogenesis. In all vertebrates, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis controls thyroid hormone production and release, whereas the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis regulates the production and release of corticosteroids. One of the most salient effects of thyroid hormones and corticosteroids in post-embryonic developmental processes is their critical role in metamorphosis in anuran amphibians. Metamorphosis involves modifications to the morphological and biochemical characteristics of all larval tissues to enable the transition from one life stage to the next life stage that coincides with an ecological niche switch. This transition in amphibians is an example of a widespread phenomenon among vertebrates, where thyroid hormones and corticosteroids coordinate a post-embryonic developmental transition. The review addresses the functions and interactions of thyroid hormone and corticosteroid signaling in amphibian development (metamorphosis) as well as the developmental roles of these two pathways in vertebrate evolution.
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