Journal
CELLS
Volume 11, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells11081299
Keywords
pregnane X receptor; protein kinase inhibitor; PXR antagonist; cancer therapy
Categories
Funding
- Robert Bosch Stiftung, Stuttgart, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research of the University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC [2180-390900677]
- European Union [825762]
- Orion Research Foundation sr, European Union [839230]
- Academy of Finland GeneCellNano Flagship [337120]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [839230] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
- H2020 Societal Challenges Programme [825762] Funding Source: H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
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This study aimed to identify small-molecule kinase inhibitors that can also act as PXR antagonists. Through computational screening and experimental validation, four novel PXR antagonists and one agonist were identified. Further experiments showed that these compounds can directly bind to PXR and disrupt its interaction with coregulatory proteins.
Small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors are used for the treatment of cancer, but off-target effects hinder their clinical use. Especially off-target activation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) has to be considered, as it not only governs drug metabolism and elimination, but also can promote tumor growth and cancer drug resistance. Consequently, PXR antagonism has been proposed for improving cancer drug therapy. Here we aimed to identify small-molecule kinase inhibitors of the Tubingen Kinase Inhibitor Collection (TuKIC) compound library that would act also as PXR antagonists. By a combination of in silico screen and confirmatory cellular reporter gene assays, we identified four novel PXR antagonists and a structurally related agonist with a common phenylaminobenzosuberone scaffold. Further characterization using biochemical ligand binding and cellular protein interaction assays classified the novel compounds as mixed competitive/noncompetitive, passive antagonists, which bind PXR directly and disrupt its interaction with coregulatory proteins. Expression analysis of prototypical PXR target genes ABCB1 and CYP3A4 in LS174T colorectal cancer cells and HepaRG hepatocytes revealed novel antagonists as selective receptor modulators, which showed gene- and tissue-specific effects. These results demonstrate the possibility of dual PXR and protein kinase inhibitors, which might represent added value in cancer therapy.
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