4.7 Review

The Role of Heparin in COVID-19: An Update after Two Years of Pandemics

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Evaluation of the Clinical Impact of Thromboprophylaxis in Patients With COVID-19 Following Hospital Discharge

Lindsay A. Courtney et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the incidence of thromboembolic and bleeding events post-discharge among COVID-19 patients, as well as the role of thromboprophylaxis. The results suggest that post-discharge extended prophylaxis may be beneficial for select COVID-19 patients while considering the risk of bleeding.

ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: The X-COVID-19 Randomized Trial

Nuccia Morici et al.

Summary: This study investigated whether higher doses of anticoagulants are necessary for COVID-19 patients hospitalized in general wards. The results showed no significant difference in thromboprophylaxis efficacy between 40 mg b.i.d. and 40 mg o.d. enoxaparin in these patients.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Anticoagulant therapy for COVID-19: What we have learned and what are the unanswered questions?

Dimitrios Giannis et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

Article Infectious Diseases

The effect of higher-intensity dosing of anticoagulation on the clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Chia Siang Kow et al.

Summary: Higher-intensity anticoagulation treatment may have clinical benefits for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 compared to prophylactic anticoagulation, but it also increases the risk of bleeding.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2022)

Article Spectroscopy

Heparin interacts with the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits its activity

Jinwen Li et al.

Summary: Heparin interacts with SARS-CoV-2's M-pro and inhibits its activity, potentially playing a role in inhibiting the viral infection.

SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY (2022)

Letter Hematology

Therapeutic versus Prophylactic Bemiparin in Hospitalized Patients with Nonsevere COVID-19 Pneumonia (BEMICOP Study): An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Maria Marcos-Jubilar et al.

Summary: In hospitalized COVID-19 patients with nonsevere pneumonia but elevated D-dimer, a short course of therapeutic-dose bemiparin does not appear to improve clinical outcomes compared to standard prophylactic doses.

THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2022)

Article Hematology

American Society of Hematology living guidelines on the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19: July 2021 update on postdischarge thromboprophylaxis

Adam Cuker et al.

Summary: These guidelines aim to support the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients without confirmed or suspected VTE. One conditional recommendation is against the use of outpatient anticoagulant prophylaxis in discharged COVID-19 patients.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2022)

Article Hematology

Intermediate-Dose versus Standard-Dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: 90-Day Results from the INSPIRATION Randomized Trial

Behnood Bikdeli et al.

Summary: A study showed that intermediate-dose compared with standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation did not reduce the risk of death, treatment with ECMO, or venous or arterial thrombosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19 at 90-day follow-up.

THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2022)

Article Immunology

Randomized Study of Rivaroxaban vs Placebo on Disease Progression and Symptoms Resolution in High-Risk Adults With Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019

Jintanat Ananworanich et al.

Summary: The study found that rivaroxaban did not impact the progression of mild COVID-19 in high-risk adults. This suggests the need for scalable effective therapies to prevent COVID-19 progression in high-risk individuals.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Hematology

Venous thromboembolism in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in England

Lara N. Roberts et al.

Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in England. The study found that VTE was a common complication in hospitalized patients and was associated with longer hospital stays and higher mortality rates.

THROMBOSIS RESEARCH (2022)

Article Virology

New Insights in the Occurrence of Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19-A Large Postmortem and Clinical Analysis

Fabian Heinrich et al.

Summary: This study investigated the occurrence and prevention of VTE in critically ill COVID-19 patients and found a high incidence of VTE in these patients. It also found that a change in anticoagulation practice was associated with a prolonged survival time for these patients.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The Use of Oral Anticoagulation Is Not Associated With a Reduced Risk of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Meng-Fei Dai et al.

Summary: This study found that chronic oral anticoagulation does not reduce the risk of all-cause mortality and ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. Both direct oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists showed no improvement in patient outcomes compared to no anticoagulation therapy.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

Review Emergency Medicine

Elevated D-dimer levels on admission are associated with severity and increased risk of mortality in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Baris Gungor et al.

Summary: This study found that elevated D-dimer levels on admission are significantly correlated with the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia and may predict mortality in hospitalized patients, indicating it as a potential predictive marker.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Should we consider heparin prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients? a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mohamed Abdel-Maboud et al.

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS (2021)

Review Microbiology

Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

Ben Hu et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the research progress on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, including virology characteristics, pathogenesis, and recent advances in treatment methods. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origin of this emerging virus.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Venous thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ting Wu et al.

Summary: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in severe COVID-19 patients, with higher incidence in older individuals and male patients. Elevated levels of WBC, D-dimer, APTT, fibrinogen, and CRP were commonly observed in COVID-19 patients with VTE, while lower level of lymphocyte was associated with high risk of developing VTE. Severe condition was more likely to occur in COVID-19 patients who developed VTE, suggesting that thromboembolic events are associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

AGE AND AGEING (2021)

Article Anesthesiology

Impaired fibrinolysis in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Mirjam Bachler et al.

Summary: Critically ill COVID-19 patients exhibit a hypercoagulable state with impaired fibrinolysis, characterized by increased clot firmness and decreased fibrinolytic response in whole blood coagulation tests. This hypofibrinolytic state may be at least partially due to a decreased fibrinolytic response.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA (2021)

Review Medical Laboratory Technology

COVID-19: from3 an acute to chronic disease? Potential long-term health consequences

Victoria Higgins et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in over 57.8 million confirmed cases worldwide with potential long-term health consequences for recovered patients. While multi-organ manifestations are well-documented, the long-term implications remain to be fully uncovered, necessitating large cohort studies to better understand the breadth and severity of long-term effects.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

The pathogenesis of microthrombi in COVID cannot be controlled by DOAC: NETosis should be the target

E. Gremese et al.

JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Surgery

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of venous thromboembolic events in novel coronavirus disease-2019 patients

Rui Zhang et al.

Summary: Venous thromboembolism is common in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, especially among ICU patients. Screening tests for PE and DVT can significantly improve detection rates in both ICU and non-ICU patients with COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY-VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DISORDERS (2021)

Review Critical Care Medicine

Incidence of VTE and Bleeding Among Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

David Jimenez et al.

Summary: The pooled incidence of VTE and bleeding among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 17.0% and 7.8% respectively. Factors such as routine screening, critical illness, inclusion of distal DVT and subsegmental PE, and prospective studies were associated with higher rates of VTE. The incidence of bleeding events was sensitive to escalated doses of anticoagulants and the nature of data collection.

CHEST (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Sex-tailored pharmacology and COVID-19: Next steps towards appropriateness and health equity

Andrea Spini et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated clear gender differences in health outcomes, with men showing more severe symptoms and higher mortality rates due to age-related decline in sex hormone levels. Women may benefit more from COVID-19 vaccines, despite experiencing more frequent adverse effects. Ensuring a focus on gender-specific research is crucial to avoid inequalities in healthcare.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2021)

Letter Hematology

Sustained prothrombotic changes in COVID-19 patients 4 months after hospital discharge

Fien A. von Meijenfeldt et al.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

Article Hematology

American Society of Hematology 2021 guidelines on the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19

Adam Cuker et al.

Summary: The American Society of Hematology provided two conditional recommendations for anticoagulation in COVID-19-related critical illness and acute illness, emphasizing the low certainty in the evidence and the importance of future high-quality randomized controlled trials for validation.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of therapeutic heparin versus prophylactic heparin on death, mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit admission in moderately ill patients with covid-19 admitted to hospital: RAPID randomised clinical trial

Michelle Sholzberg et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of therapeutic heparin compared with prophylactic heparin among moderately ill patients with covid-19 admitted to hospital wards. The results of the study may help guide the treatment options for similar patients in the future.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy and Safety of Therapeutic-Dose Heparin vs Standard Prophylactic or Intermediate-Dose Heparins for Thromboprophylaxis in High-risk Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 The HEP-COVID Randomized Clinical Trial

Alex C. Spyropoulos et al.

Summary: Therapeutic-dose low-molecular-weight heparin reduces major thromboembolism and death in high-risk inpatients with COVID-19, with no significant effect observed in critically ill patients.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Intermediate-Dose vs Standard-Dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation on Thrombotic Events, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Treatment, or Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit The INSPIRATION Randomized Clinical Trial

Parham Sadeghipour et al.

Summary: This study compared the effect of intermediate-dose and standard prophylactic anticoagulation on a composite outcome among COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of thrombotic events, ECMO therapy, or mortality within 30 days. The study does not recommend routine use of intermediate-dose prophylactic anticoagulation in unselected ICU patients with COVID-19.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Factors Associated With Risk of Postdischarge Thrombosis in Patients With COVID-19

Pin Li et al.

Summary: This cohort study of 2832 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 found a decreased risk of venous thromboembolism over time after discharge, while no change was observed in the risk of arterial thromboembolism with time. Patients with a history of venous thromboembolism, peak D-dimer level greater than 3 ug/mL, and predischarge C-reactive protein level greater than 10 mg/dL were more likely to experience venous thromboembolism after discharge. However, therapeutic anticoagulation prescriptions at discharge were associated with reduced incidence of venous thromboembolism.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

Review Hematology

Different Anticoagulant Regimens, Mortality, and Bleeding in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and an Updated Meta-Analysis

Roberta Parisi et al.

Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of anticoagulant use and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients revealed a 50% reduction in mortality risk with anticoagulant use, especially in ICU patients. However, therapeutic anticoagulant regimens were associated with higher bleeding risks. Therefore, prophylactic dosages of anticoagulants may be preferred in noncritically ill patients.

SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS (2021)

Article Hematology

Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Discharged after COVID-19 Hospitalization

Matthias M. Engelen et al.

Summary: A study on post-discharge thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients found a low incidence of VTE after systematic screening 6 weeks after discharge. Selectively providing post-discharge thromboprophylaxis in high-risk patients seems to be safe and potentially effective.

SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS (2021)

Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Anastasios Kollias et al.

Summary: Severe COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of VTE, with higher prevalence in patients with higher D-dimer levels and a higher percentage of ICU patients. The pooled odds ratio for death in COVID-19 patients with VTE versus those without VTE was 2.1, indicating a higher mortality risk. Preventive anticoagulation therapy should be investigated further for individualized VTE risk assessment in COVID-19 patients.

VASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Meta-Analysis

Changgang Wu et al.

Summary: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 have a high prevalence of VTE, despite the use of present routine prophylactic anticoagulation.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Medically Ill hospitalized Patients for COVID-19 THrombosis Extended ProphyLaxis with rivaroxaban ThErapy: Rationale and Design of the MICHELLE Trial

Eduardo Ramacciotti et al.

Summary: The study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban in COVID-19 patients at increased risk for VTE who received standard prophylactic treatment, as well as the role of extended thromboprophylaxis. The results are expected to guide medical decisions in clinical practice.

AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

Article Hematology

Postdischarge thromboembolic outcomes and mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: the CORE-19 registry

Dimitrios Giannis et al.

Summary: Thromboembolic events and mortality from subclinical thrombotic events frequently occur in COVID-19 inpatients. Postdischarge VTE, ATE, and ACM are common, with advanced age and cardiovascular risk factors increasing the risk. Postdischarge anticoagulation can significantly reduce the risk by 46%.

BLOOD (2021)

Article Hematology

Standard prophylactic versus intermediate dose enoxaparin in adults with severe COVID-19: A multi-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial

Usha S. Perepu et al.

Summary: In hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19, standard prophylactic dose and intermediate dose enoxaparin did not significantly differ in preventing death or thrombosis at 30 days. The occurrence of arterial or venous thrombosis was slightly higher than the rate of major bleeding.

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2021)

Article Hematology

Persistent endotheliopathy in the pathogenesis of long COVID syndrome

Helen Fogarty et al.

Summary: The study found that endothelial cell activation may persist in convalescent COVID-19 patients and may contribute to the pathogenesis of long COVID. This sustained endotheliopathy was more common in older, comorbid patients, and those requiring hospitalization, indicating a potential link between endothelial dysfunction and long-term COVID symptoms.

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation for patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer concentration (ACTION): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial

Renato D. Lopes et al.

Summary: In hospitalized COVID-19 patients with elevated D-dimer concentration, in-hospital therapeutic anticoagulation with rivaroxaban or enoxaparin followed by rivaroxaban to day 30 did not improve clinical outcomes and increased bleeding compared with prophylactic anticoagulation. Therapeutic-dose rivaroxaban and other direct oral anticoagulants should be avoided in these patients without an evidence-based indication for oral anticoagulation.

LANCET (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study

Lixue Huang et al.

LANCET (2021)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Heparin prevents in vitro glycocalyx shedding induced by plasma from COVID-19 patients

Simone R. Potje et al.

Summary: Plasma from COVID-19 patients promotes glycocalyx shedding and redox imbalance in endothelial cells, and heparin treatment potentially inhibits glycocalyx disruption.

LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Noncritically Ill Patients with Covid-19

Patrick R. Lawler et al.

Summary: This study showed that therapeutic-dose anticoagulation with heparin in non-critically ill patients with Covid-19 increased the likelihood of survival to hospital discharge and reduced the need for cardiovascular or respiratory organ support compared to usual-care thromboprophylaxis.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19

Ewan C. Goligher et al.

Summary: In critically ill patients with Covid-19, initial therapeutic-dose anticoagulation did not result in improved survival rates or fewer days requiring cardiovascular or respiratory organ support compared to usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis Comparing Prophylactic and Therapeutic Low Molecular Weight Heparins for Mortality Reduction in 32,688 COVID-19 Patients

Riccardo Giossi et al.

Summary: Heparin at both full and prophylactic doses is effective in reducing mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to no treatment. However, full dose is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Heparin does not significantly impact the length of hospital stay.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Article Hematology

American Society of Hematology living guidelines on the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19: May 2021 update on the use of intermediate-intensity anticoagulation in critically ill patients

Adam Cuker et al.

Summary: The American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines recommend prophylactic-intensity anticoagulation over intermediate-intensity anticoagulation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who do not have confirmed or suspected VTE. The recommendation was based on low certainty evidence, highlighting the need for more high-quality randomized controlled trials to compare different intensities of anticoagulation in critically ill patients. Other key research priorities include better evidence on predictors of thrombosis and bleeding risk in critically ill patients with COVID-19, as well as the impact of nonanticoagulant therapies on thrombotic risk.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

Review Hematology

Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Incidences in Patients After Discharge from COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tarinee Rungjirajittranon et al.

Summary: The study found that the incidences of thrombosis, bleeding, and mortality in patients discharged after COVID-19 hospitalization are comparable to those of medically ill patients.

CLINICAL AND APPLIED THROMBOSIS-HEMOSTASIS (2021)

Article Virology

Effective Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Heparin and Enoxaparin Derivatives

Ritesh Tandon et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 virus relies on spike glycoprotein for cell entry, and several sulfated polysaccharides have shown potent neutralizing effects against the virus, demonstrating potential prophylactic and therapeutic applications.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

Na Zhu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics of and Public Health Responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China

Sheng-Qun Deng et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2020)

Editorial Material Hematology

The versatile heparin in COVID-19

Jecko Thachil

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2020)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Evaluation of coagulation function by rotation thromboelastometry in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia

Vittorio Pavoni et al.

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS (2020)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19

Zsuzsanna Varga et al.

LANCET (2020)

Review Hematology

Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses

Nigel Mackman et al.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY (2020)

Editorial Material Hematology

Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19

Marcel Levi et al.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2020)

Article Hematology

Hypofibrinolytic state and high thrombin generation may play a major role in SARS-COV2 associated thrombosis

Christophe Nougier et al.

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depends on Cellular Heparan Sulfate and ACE2

Thomas Mandel Clausen et al.

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Fondaparinux Use in Patients With COVID-19: A Preliminary Multicenter Real-World Experience

Vincenzo Russo et al.

JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Anticoagulation in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19

Jehan F. Chowdhury et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Immunology

Increased Plasma Heparanase Activity in COVID-19 Patients

Baranca Buijsers et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Article Surgery

Coagulopathy, thromboembolic complications, and the use of heparin in COVID-19 pneumonia

Luca Costanzo et al.

JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY-VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DISORDERS (2020)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Gurusaravanan Kutti Sridharan et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THERAPEUTICS (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Endothelial activation and dysfunction in COVID-19: from basic mechanisms to potential therapeutic approaches

Yuefei Jin et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Long-Term Respiratory and Neurological Sequelae of COVID-19

Fuzhou Wang et al.

MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR (2020)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Dual targeting of dengue virus virions and NS1 protein with the heparan sulfate mimic PG545

Naphak Modhiran et al.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2019)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Vascular Endothelial Cell Biology: An Update

Anne Krueger-Genge et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

Article Immunology

The Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as an Attachment Factor for Rabies Virus Entry and Infection

Michihito Sasaki et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2018)

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heparin: 100 years of pleiotropic effects

Adilson Ferraz Paschoa

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS (2016)

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Endothelial cell control of thrombosis

Jonathan W. Yau et al.

BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS (2015)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Heparin and Its Derivatives: A Systematic Review

Sarah Mousavi et al.

ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2015)

Article Hematology

Venous Thromboembolism in Elderly High-Risk Medical Patients: Time Course of Events and Influence of Risk Factors

Russell D. Hull et al.

CLINICAL AND APPLIED THROMBOSIS-HEMOSTASIS (2013)

Review Engineering, Biomedical

Mechanics of endothelial cell architecture and vascular permeability

AL Baldwin et al.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2001)