Journal
SCIENCE ADVANCES
Volume 8, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7489
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Funding
- Harvard/MIT
- NSFC [51972270]
- National Key R&D Program for International Cooperation [2021YFE0115100]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province [2020JZ-07]
- Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province [2019TSLGY07-03, 2021ZDLGY14-08]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [3102019JC005]
- Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing (NPU), China [2021-TS-03]
- Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication (CAS), China [LSL-2007]
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This study explores spatially confined atomic Sn in hollow carbon spheres as nucleation sites for dendrite-free growth, achieving high utilization and long cycling durability in Na metal-based energy storage.
Constructing robust nucleation sites with an ultrafine size in a confined environment is essential toward simultaneously achieving superior utilization, high capacity, and long-term durability in Na metal-based energy storage, yet remains largely unexplored. Here, we report a previously unexplored design of spatially confined atomic Sn in hollow carbon spheres for homogeneous nucleation and dendrite-free growth. The designed architecture maximizes Sn utilization, prevents agglomeration, mitigates volume variation, and allows complete alloying-dealloying with high-affinity Sn as persistent nucleation sites, contrary to conventional spatially exposed large-size ones without dealloying. Thus, conformal deposition is achieved, rendering an exceptional capacity of 16 mAh cm(-2) in half-cells and long cycling over 7000 hours in symmetric cells. Moreover, the well-known paradox is surmounted, delivering record-high Na utilization (e.g., 85%) and large capacity (e.g., 8 mAh cm(-2)) while maintaining extraordinary durability over 5000 hours, representing an important breakthrough for stabilizing Na anode.
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