Journal
NATURE ENERGY
Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages 312-319Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41560-022-01001-0
Keywords
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Funding
- Office of Vehicle Technologies of the US Department of Energy under Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program
- Battery500 Consortium
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The authors analyze key Li-S cell parameters, propose an energy density calculation, and discuss the design targets for practical high-performance Li-S batteries.
Li-S batteries are a promising next-generation storage technology and the assessment of their performance is critical for their development. Here the authors analyse key Li-S cell parameters, formulate the energy density calculation and discuss design targets for practical applications. The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is one of the most promising battery systems due to its high theoretical energy density and low cost. Despite impressive progress in its development, there has been a lack of comprehensive analyses of key performance parameters affecting the energy density of Li-S batteries. Here, we analyse the potential causes of energy loss during battery operations. We identify two key descriptors (R-weight and R-energy) that represent the mass- and energy-level compromise of the full-cell energy density, respectively. A formulation for energy density calculations is proposed based on critical parameters, including sulfur mass loading, sulfur mass ratio, electrolyte/sulfur ratio and negative-to-positive electrode material ratio. The current progress of Ah-level Li-S batteries is also summarized and analysed. Finally, future research directions, targets and prospects for designing practical high-performance Li-S batteries are proposed.
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