Surface Modification of Polyester/Viscose Fabric with Silica Hydrosol and Amino-Functionalized Polydimethylsiloxane for the Preparation of a Fluorine-Free Superhydrophobic and Breathable Textile

This work attempted to fabricate superhydrophobic fabric via a simple immersion technique. Textile fabrics were coated with silica nanoparticles prepared from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to obtain sufficient roughness with hydrophobic surface chemistry. Then, the coated fabrics were treated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to reduce the surface energy. The effects of the PDMS concentration on the surface morphology and superhydrophobicity of as-prepared fabric were investigated. The morphology and the composition of superhydrophobic fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results revealed the formation of spherical silica nanoparticles with an average particle size of 250 nm throughout the fabric surface. The possible interactions between silica nanoparticles and APTES, as well as the fabrics, were elucidated. Investigating the hydrophobicity of fabrics via water contact angle (WCA) measurement showed that the treated fabric exhibits excellent water repellency with a water contact angle as high as 151 degrees and a very low water sliding angle. It was also found that the treated fabric maintained most of its hydrophobicity against repeated washing, as the WCA of superhydrophobic fabrics decreased to 141 degrees after 25 repeated washing cycles. The comfort properties of the obtained superhydrophobic fabrics in terms of air permeability and bending length did not reveal any significant changes.

Automated summary

This study aimed to fabricate superhydrophobic fabric using a simple immersion technique. Silica nanoparticles prepared from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were coated on textile fabrics to achieve sufficient roughness and hydrophobic surface chemistry. The coated fabrics were further treated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to reduce surface energy. The effects of PDMS concentration on the surface morphology and superhydrophobicity of the fabric were investigated. Characterization of the superhydrophobic fabric revealed the formation of spherical silica nanoparticles with an average size of 250 nm on the fabric surface. The hydrophobicity of the treated fabric, measured through water contact angle, showed excellent water repellency with a high contact angle of 151 degrees and a low sliding angle. The treated fabric also maintained its hydrophobicity after repeated washing cycles. Additionally, the comfort properties of the superhydrophobic fabric were not significantly affected.