Re-evaluating monazite as a record of metamorphic reactions

This study presents a re-examination of historical specimens (DG136 and DG167) from the Monashee complex in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera that are critical to the current understanding of rare earth element (REE) distribution between garnet and monazite (and other accessory minerals) during metamorphism. Nine-hundred and fifty-one new monazite petrochronology spot analyses on 29 different grains across two specimens outline detailed (re)crystallization histories. Trace element data collected from the same ablated volume, interpreted in the context of new phase equilibria modelling that includes monazite, xenotime and apatite, link ages to specific portions of the pressure-temperature (P-T) paths followed by the specimens. These linkages are further informed by garnet Lu-Hf geochronology and xenotime petrochronology. The clockwise P-T paths indicate prograde metamorphism was ongoing by ca. 80 Ma in both specimens. The structurally deeper specimen, DG136, records peak P-T conditions of similar to 755-770 degrees C and 8.8-10.4 kbar, interpreted to coincide with (re-)crystallization of low Y monazite at similar to 75-70 Ma. Near-rim garnet isopleths from DG167 cross in the observed peak assemblage field at similar to 680 degrees C and 9.3 kbar. These conditions are interpreted to correspond with low Y monazite (re-)crystallisation at similar to 65 Ma. Both specimens record decompression along their retrograde path coincident with high Y 70-55 Ma and 65-55 Ma monazite populations in DG136 and DG167, respectively. These findings broadly agree with those initially reported similar to 20 years ago and confirm early interpretations using trace elements in monazite as generally reliable markers of metamorphic reactions. Modern phase equilibria modelling and in situ petrochronological analysis, however, provide additional insight into monazite behaviour during anatexis and the effects of potential trace element buffering by REE-bearing phases such as apatite. (C) 2021 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

Automated summary

This study re-examined historical specimens from Monashee complex in the Canadian Cordillera and provided new insights into the distribution of rare earth elements between garnet and monazite during metamorphism. The findings confirmed previous interpretations and showed that trace elements in monazite can be reliable markers of metamorphic reactions.