R-ARM: Retransmission-Assisted Resource Management in LoRaWAN for the Internet of Things

LoRaWAN exhibits an essential feature, namely, the adaptive data rate (ADR), which has been recommended for the management of resources (e.g., the spreading factor and transmit power) of static end devices (EDs) based on channel conditions. Blind ADR (BADR) has been introduced for LoRaWAN mobile applications that experience frequent channel attenuation when the ED moves (e.g., pet-tracking). This channel condition leads to massive packet loss and retransmission, which significantly increases energy consumption. In this study, ADR and BADR are investigated in mobility environments, their limitations are highlighted, and a novel ADR retransmission-assisted resource management (R-ARM) system is proposed. The proposed R-ARM system operates concurrently on the ED and network server sides. This improves the network performance of the LoRaWAN. When compared to those of typical ADR approaches, the simulation results, in this case, show that R-ARM significantly enhances the packet success ratio and convergence period, and it lowers the energy consumption and packet loss ratio.

Automated summary

LoRaWAN's adaptive data rate (ADR) plays an important role in resource management for static devices. To address the issue of frequent channel attenuation in mobile applications, blind ADR (BADR) is introduced. This study investigates the application of ADR and BADR in mobility environments and proposes a novel ADR retransmission-assisted resource management (R-ARM) system, which significantly improves the network performance of LoRaWAN.